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The comparision of pathological findings in hemathological analyzing machine Cellavision DM96 with optical microscopy.
Recová, Lucie ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Semecký, Vladimír (referee)
The leukocyte differential count is important and frequently demanded laboratory examination, even nowadays. Until recently, there was a posibility to execute this laboratory examination only using the microscope. It was time-consuming and it required the continuous presence of specialists - cytologists- in the laboratory. The new generation of hematological analyzers enables to execute the analysis of peripheral blood smears easier. In practice, there is being used the new digital morphological analyzer CellaVision DM96 by Sysmex corp. since the year 2004. In the experimental file, there was 62 samples of peripheral blood examined from children and adult patients. Blood counts have been established on Sysmex XE-5000 analyzer. Differential counts of leukocytes were examined on CellaVision DM96 analyzer and then using the microscope Olympus BX41TF. The results were compared and statistically evaluated. Gained results proved sameness among the most of the patients. It is also necessary to check qualitatively abnormal samples under the microscope, especially when we are talking about the first detection. It implies that classical microscope is still essential during the analysis of pathological findings.
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PCA3 and its use in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Škultétyová, Jana ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Škultétyová Jana PCA3 and its importance in diagnostics of prostate cancer Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: Medical laboratory technician Prostate cancer is a global problem that bothers many men. Diagnosis is currently focused on measuring levels of prostate-specific antigen, which is used as a screening test. It is focused on the diagnosis of rectal examination and positive biopsy findings. Pitfall of this diagnosis is its not being specific, because prostatic antigen also secretes non-malignant cells. The risk is not finding the proper biopsy tissue, and it often leads to repeat the biopsy. Modern science is therefore looking for other diagnostic options. The determination of PCA3 gene which expresses specifically in prostate cancer cells looks like prospective option. While existing studies point to the estimated positive predictive value of biopsy, which would allow us to indicate their unnecessary and thus save patients from further invasive procedures. This work contains information about diagnosis of prostate cancer, briefly describes PCA3 analysis and summarizes the results obtained by the laboratory in which I work. Keywords: prostate cancer, PCA3, PSA, biopsy
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Advances in diagnosis and therapy of cervical cancer
Pasdiorová, Markéta ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancerous disease presented in the statistical analysis of women in the world as well as in the Czech Republic and its incidence increases also in younger age groups. This serious disease is among other etiological factors induced by virus infection of human papillomavirus from the group of HPV. The presented thesis deals with current knowledge about the origin and progress of the cervical cancer, its prevention, diagnosis and effective treatment options. The practical part describes the diagnostic method which is gradually recommended to specify the diagnosis of the disease - the INNO-LIPA method which is based on reverse hybridization and used to determine the type of HPV. The thesis also includes the test results of the group of patients from clinical material of workplace Department of Molecular Genetics Laboratory CGB a.s. Ostrava that were diagnosed by the method.
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Disorders of human gonadal development and differentiation
Kohoutová, Martina ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the comparison between the aberration of human somatosexual evolution and the normal differentiation of human genital tract organs. The phases of a normal differentiation of the external and internal genital organs and the role of primordial germ cells were described. The most frequent disorders of differentiation such as Klinefelter syndrome, true hermaphroditism, male pseudohermaphroditism and cryptorchidism were dealtht with, too. This kind of disorders presents a very complicated diagnostic problem because a genetic structure is not related to the phenotype and furthermore mosaic aberration can appear. The bioptical material used for the experimental part of this thesis was collected from the archive of the Laboratory of early ontogenesis of diseases at the Institute for the care of mother and child in Prague and from the Department of Pediatrics of the University hospital in Hradec Králové. Among microscopy techniques we used the light microscopy of paraffin- embedded sections and the electron microscopy of epoxide resin-embedded sections. All results were compared with scientific literature.
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Patophysiological value of rat myocardium after acute exposition of isoprenaline.
Kostinková, Veronika ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Veronika Kostinková Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Semecký, CSc. Title of thesis: Patophysiological values of rat myocardium after acute exposition of isoprenaline Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the main causes of mortality despite advances in medicine. Isoprenaline (ISO) model of myocardial injury in laboratory animals is used to clarify the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AIM) and to research cardioprotective substances. The monitoring of early histopathological changes that occur in the rat myocardium at 2 hours after application of 100 mg.kg-1 s.c. ISO, was the main aim of this experiment. Histological results were completed in collaboration with the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology which provided the data about functional parameters and biochemical markers also after 2 hours from application. Detected changes were compared against the control group to which the solvent was administered. Histopathological analysis revealed more frequent and intense changes in the subendocardial area. Some interstitial dilatation with oedema, cardiomyocytes fragmentation and presence of inflammatory infiltration were observed in the myocardium, especially in...
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The danger of artifacts at detection of steroid receptors in hormonally stimulated tumours of women
Koubová, Ivana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Semecký, Vladimír (referee)
- EN The main content of this thesis is to analyse results of immunohistochemical examinations of bioptic samples of breast cancer tissues. In every workplace each examination must include a determination of estrogen a progestron receptors level, antigen Ki-67 level and HER-2/neu expresion. Only on basis of these data the doctor will be able to diagnose correctly the carcinoma and choose the appropriate therapy. The examination isn't taken the same way in every workplace. It is therefore suitable to have data from different hospitals, so we could make a complete view on the problem. This thesis is focused only on data from Prague hospital Na Bulovce, but our shool workplace has already the data from other laboratories, so they can work it out additionally. In the theoretical part of this thesis we described the problem of breast carcinoma in general, we presented a list of carcinoma types and we described closer two of the most frequent - invasive ductual and invasive lobular carcinoma. We deal with these types of breast cancer in practical part. In further chapters we explain how the grading is appointed. We characterized all main markers of breast carcinoma examination and ways of performing the tests. Then we mentioned few possible causes of artifacts - ovarian cycle, intratumoral production of...
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Influence of selected substances with cardioprotective potential on iso-prenaline induced myocardial damage in a rat model.
Koulová, Jana ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Jana Koulová Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Semecký, CSc. Title of thesis: Influence of selected substances with cardioprotective potential on iso- prenaline induced myocardial damage in a rat model. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major cause of mortality. To clarify the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to research cardioprotective substances, an iso- prenaline (ISO) model of rat myocardial damage is used. This study assessed the cardiopro- tective potential of intravenously administered rutin in a single dose 11.5 mg / kg in the rat myocardium, which was later given a single subcutaneous dose of ISO (100 mg / kg). The aim of the experiment was to study the functional, biochemical and histological changes occurring in the rat myocardium after 2 hours from application of ISO and rutin with ISO. Observed changes were compared among themselves and also compared to the control group, which was applied intravenously with solvent NaHCO3 in a single dose of 4.6 ml / kg. Functional parameters as heart rate and blood pressure after 2 hours from the application were consistent with the expected development presented in studies with ISO that have been made...
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The combination of rehabilitation methods in treatment of chronic non - healing wounds.
Šonská, Kateřina ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Science Kateřina Šonská Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Semecký, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The combination of rehabilitation methods in treatment of chronic non-healing wounds The healing of chronic wounds is a long-term and therapeutically difficult process which has three phases (exsudative, proliferative and epithalization). Wounds which do not show any tendency to heal even after 6 -9 weeks are classified as chronic. The diabetic foot syndrome is an example of such wounds. The diabetic foot syndrome is one of the complications of the chronic metabolic disease diabetes mellitus. It exhibits itself as ulceration and destruction of the deep tissue in lower limbs. With some patients, amputation is necessary. This thesis focuses on the influence of applying rehabilitation methods in the healing of chronic skin defects of the lower limbs in seven type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Patients with ages ranging from 56 to 84 years. The purpose is to compare theory with reality. The rehabilitation consisted of a combination of lymphatic drainage application and a low power laser - POCKET THERAPY LASER TL - therapy. Two patients were performed only lymphatic drainage treatment. The supposition of...
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Effects of cholesterol on the dynamic behavior of muskarinic acetylcholine receptor in the cell plasma membran.
Michal, Pavel ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
- EN The muscarinic acetylcholine M2 receptor that was originally identified as the predominant muscarinic receptor subtype in the heart is also widely distributed in the central nervous system. Its signal transduction is effected by both the βγ dimer of heterotrimeric G-protein that activates potassium or inhibits calcium conductance and the αi subunit that preferentially inhibits cAMP synthesis. However, M2 muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO cells (CHO-M2) directly activate signalling pathways of all three major subclasses of G-proteins, i.e. preferred Gi/o subclass and at concentrations higher than needed for standard inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP synthesis also Gs and Gq/11 subclasses to cause stimulation of cAMP synthesis and accumulation of inositolphosphates (IP), respectively . In the present experiments we investigated influence of membrane cholesterol content on activation of signalling pathways of these three G-protein subclasses in CHO-M2 cells by carbachol, a non-hydrolysable acetylcholine analogue. Treatment of cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin decreased cell and membrane cholesterol content by 74% and 39%, respectively, and incubation in the presence of cholesterol-saturated methyl-β- cyclodextrin increased cholesterol content by 169% and 137%, respectively . Cholesterol...
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