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The role of community interpreter from the point of view of users' expectations
Holkupová, Jiřina ; Čeňková, Ivana (referee) ; Rejšková, Jana (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the expectations of interpreters and public institutions with regard to the role of interpreters in a specific type of communicative events, i.e. in interpreter-mediated encounters between foreigners and Czech institutions. This type of interpreting is commonly referred to as community interpreting. Taking into account that there is a lack of consensus in the literature concerning the interpreter's role, the thesis aims to explore how Czech interpreters and institutions perceive this role in the absence of binding professional standards. The main goal is to determine whether the respondents see interpreters more as passive 'translation devices' or 'conduits', or whether they consider them to be active communication participants in their own right. The first part of the thesis provides an overview of research focusing on the interpreter's role, and gives examples of how this role has been codified, both in the international context and in the Czech Republic. The second, empirical part, presents the results of a questionnaire-based survey conducted among Czech interpreters and public institutions. The main part of the questionnaire has been designed with the aim of determining which expressions of the different interpreter's roles are seen as desirable by the respondents, and which are...
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Time lag in simultaneous interpretation from English into Czech and its dependence on text type
Podhajská, Květa ; Rejšková, Jana (advisor) ; Čeňková, Ivana (referee)
The aim of this M.A. thesis was to prove the correlation between text type and time lag in simultaneous interpretation. Two text types were examined: a prepared speech read out by the speaker, and a spontaneous speech, not prepared in written form beforehand. The thesis is based on an experiment examining variations in time lag in simultaneous interpreting from English into Czech. Twelve students and recent graduates of interpreting at the Institute of Translation Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, Charles University in Prague, took part in the experiment. The interpreters' outputs were recorded on audiocassettes, then burned on CDs and processed with the help of specialized computer software (Cool Edit). The results were then evaluated, summed up in charts, analyzed, processed graphically, commented on and computed statistically. The results presented in the empirical part of the thesis were then tested against a hypothesis assuming a shorter time lag in interpreting the prepared read text. This hypothesis was confirmed. The results gained in the experiment showed there is a correlation between text type and time lag in simultaneous interpretation, with a statistically significant difference in time lag between the two types of speech. It was also confirmed that time lag is influenced not only by...
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Position of a text on the oral-literate continuum in simultaneous interpreting into language A and B
Kreuzová, Šárka ; Čeňková, Ivana (referee) ; Rejšková, Jana (advisor)
The aim of this theoretical/empirical study was to observe whether and how the position of a text on the oral-literate continuum changes in simultaneous interpretation and to find out whether this change is dependent on the direction of interpreting, i.e. whether it is different when interpreting into language A and language B. The study was inspired by a similar experiment, presented as an M.A. thesis by Miriam Shlesinger in 1989. However, this study was carried out using a different language combination (Czech being the source and English being the target language in all cases). Compared to Shlesinger's study, the above-mentioned aspect of directionality of interpreting was also incorporated. In the theoretical part, attention was focused on two main areas. The first one was the area of orality and literacy. In this section, an attempt was made to synthesize the existing information about this subject. The terms 'orality' and 'literacy' were defined from different points of view and the differences between spoken and written texts on the one hand, and oral and literate text on the other hand, were described. At the end of this section the characteristic features of literate and oral texts were discussed.
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Sight translation - speaking versus writing
Hradecká, Emma ; Rejšková, Jana (referee) ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor)
ln this thesis we addressed tbe subject of sight translation. This special type of interpreting is often not given adequate academic attention even though it can be considered one of tbe most di:fficult exercises due to its dichotomie character. Sight translation is Dot mere transfer from one language to another, it is also transfer from written mode to oral mode. Tbe most important characteristics, as well as the largest area of differentiation ... of written and oral texts is syntax. Therefore, we centred our research on this issue. Dur research is qua1itative, with no hypothesis. We merely describe tbe situation in sight translation from English into Czech. We chose non-participant observation as tbe method of our research, thus decreasing tbe number of variables. Tbe ohservation took place from January 2006 to Seplember 2007 during Stale Final Exams al the Department of Translation Studies af tbe Charles University in Prague. AH students specialized in interpreting. The empirical material consists of 13 origina1 texts and 13 interpreters' renditions. In tbe theoretical part of our tbesis we briefly characterise sight translation, drawing mainly on tbe doctoral thesis of Jimenez-Ivars (1999). Then we discuss tbe translatological aspects of tbe difIerence between written and oral texts, quoting Shlesinger...
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Working memory in simultaneous interpreting and its capacity
Gabzdilová, Marianna ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
The experimental working memory research in simultaneous interpreting has so far been very limited. There were small number of studies of cognitive processes in simultaneous interpreting. This thesis gives a brief overview of the recent experimental studies in this field and presents the subject of working memory. First part of this thesis shows the largely known theoretical models of working memory, information about its possible developement and its relation towards language. On the basis of the recent theoretical research, we formulated a hypothesis for the empirical part of this thesis. The hypothesis assumes that with interpreting practice there is a developement of working memory capacity and that the language factor becomes less important. In the empirical part of the thesis we described the experiment that had been done to confirm the hypothesis. The experiment consisted of standard listening span task adapted to two language variants, in Czech and in French. Thirty participants took part in this experimental study - 10 professional interpreters, 10 interpreting students and 10 non-interpreters (people without interpreting training and professional interpreting experience). All of the participants had approximately the same language skills in Czech and in French. Czech was the mother tongue of all...
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Remote interpreting
Koskanová, Aneta ; Rejšková, Jana (referee) ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor)
The subject of this thesis is remote interpreting (RI). Our objective has been to describe the current experience with this new kind of interpreting, the reasons for its application, the opinions of the interpreters and the impact of RI on their work and health. The paper is divided in two sections. In the theoretical part, we explained the term remote interpreting and its two meanings: (distance interpreting in general x simultaneous conference interpreting without direct view at the speaker). A short description of the various types of distance interpreting (telephone interpreting, interpreting for deafs and in media) and the modern ways of conferencing make a panorama of situations in which the distance interpreting is (or could be) used.
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Cohesion of simultaneously interpreted texts
Müller, Ivo ; Rejšková, Jana (advisor) ; Čeňková, Ivana (referee)
The paper focuses on cohesion and coherence in simultaneous interpreting (SI). ft consists oj two parts: overview and theory ( Chapters I) II) and IV)) and the experiment (Chapter III). Chapter I defines Interpretation Studies within a broader context oj linguistics and other bordering sciences) introducing possible approaches to exploring such a demanding and complex activity as SI. Chapters I and IV include a review oj research work on interpretation) both from psycholinguistic) text-linguistic) communicative) and other points oj view. Assessment oj interpreter)s performance and quality oj his/her rendition is also discussed. The review is divided chronologically into two chapters: the research performed prior to / after the experiment from Chapter III. The concepts oj text and textual cohesion are more closely investigated in Chapter II) together ·with some other notions oj text linguistics. Cotrasts and similarities in cohesion between Czech and English are demonstrated on illustrative examples) in line with Halliday)s classification oj cohesive ties. Several experiments on cohesion in a SI setting are mentioned) especially in relation to possibility and usefulness oj quantifying cohesion. Chapter III reports on an experiment carried aut in order to track down the ways oj translating cohesive ties in SI...
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Pragmatic motivation of cliché from the point of view of an interpreter
Barciuc, Ina ; Rejšková, Jana (referee) ; Abdallaova, Naděžda (advisor)
This thesis offers a comparison of the research of clichés in three languages: English, Czech and Russian. Clichés are just one possible manifestation of how speech can be automatized and syntactic structures that can be reproduced and identified are created. This complex phenomenon must be studied through the prism of lexicology, stylistics and pragmatics. Understanding and interpretation of this phenomenon differs depending on linguistic schools and single authors, some linguists hold a negative opinion of clichés, some believe that in certain types of discourse clichés are necessary. There is no unified definition of a cliché either. This thesis is focused on clichés in political discourse where the pragmatic dimension of clichés and their functions in relation to users, both politicians and their listeners, is studied. Clichés are a prominent stylistic element which may have a significant impact on the work of an interpreter. This is why the empirical part is aimed at clichés from the interpreter's perspective. An experiment involving 14 professional intepreters is set up in order to study their attitude towards clichés.
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The Sounds of Spoken Czech for Speakers whose Mother Tongue is German
Rejšková, Jana ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee) ; Hájková, Eva (advisor)
Tato práce se věnuje výslovnosti a jejímu vlivu na průběh komunikačního procesu. Na základě teoretických východisek a magnetofonových nahrávek zkoumá a popisuje vliv zautomatizovaných výslovnostních návyků z mateřského, německého, jazyka na jazyk cílový, český. Na základě výsledků výzkumu navrhuje výslovnostní cvičení, která by měla pomoci při napravování častých výslovnostních chyb. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Simultaneous interpreting using a paper copy of the speech with a focus on "paper copy of the speech" and "subjectivity" as the two major variables
Jánský, Dušan ; Rejšková, Jana (referee) ; Abdallaova, Naděžda (advisor)
This theoretical-empirical work is focused on the dependence between the variables "paper copy of the speech" and "subjectivity" in simultaneous interpreting. In the theoretical part of this thesis, the hitherto research in this field has been covered and the explored questions ha ve been categorized within the paradigm of translation studies. Within the framework of the translational model by Heidemarie Salevsky, an attempt was made to identify and confine the major variables that occur in simultaneous interpreting with a paper copy ofthe speech. Then, based on past research on this subject, a detailed description was made ofthe factors paper and subjectivity. In addition, a categorization ofthe types of subjectivity was made for the analysis of the individua! papers. In the empirical part of this work, based on the available knowledge of the main factors and on the analysis of all speeches, a hypothesis was formulated on the dependence between the factors paper and subjectivity for the individua! speeches and for all speeches jointly. Furthermore, an auxiliary hypothesis was formulated on the dependence between paper, subjectivity and the studenťs class level (proficiency). After conducting the experiment and evaluating the individua! interpreting performances based on the evaluation method described in...
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