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The genetic links around the Red Sea as revealed by the mtDNA
Čížková, Martina ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Rídl, Jakub (referee)
The Red Sea region is one of the important places that allow us to uncover traces of the evolution of anatomically modern humans. Besides the questions related to its expansion out of Africa, this region is also important in terms of the mutual influence between populations of Africa and Arabia that after a long period of isolation and genetic differentiation related to climate change in the Pleistocene and subsequent development of seaways and land routes in the Holocene began to contact with each other more frequently. Number of genetic analyzes has been done but some issues concerning on the later development still remain inadequately answered, mainly because of insufficient material. This work is focused on the analysis of 200 mtDNA sequences of four Sudanese populations - two populations of nomadic herdsmen Rashaida and Beja living in the close neighborhood around the city of Kassala and speaking different languages and two populations of the Nile Valley with settled way of life. Analysis of the intrapopulation level revealed much higher diversity of the sedentary populations (in this work the sedentary populations are represented by the Nubians and Arabs). Interpopulation variability and genetic distances within other 46 populations of the Red Sea showed that although Rashaida and Beja people...
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Metagenomic profiling of microbial consortia
Rídl, Jakub ; Pačes, Jan (advisor) ; Krásný, Libor (referee) ; Novák, Petr (referee)
Methods of molecular biology enable studies on microbial diversity based on analysis of genes encoding processes and biochemical pathways of individual microorganisms and also complete microbial consortia. For this a crucial step was elaboration of new technologies of high-throughput DNA sequencing. These methods made it possible to advance studies of diversity from analysis of genomes of model microorganisms easily cultivated in laboratories to simple communities living in extreme environments and further to complex microbial consortia. This experimental approach is based on metagenomic analyses. Important are studies on ecosystems negatively affected by human activity where microorganisms not only survive but they can convert their metabolism to degrade compounds toxic for higher organisms. An example is bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8 isolated form soils contaminated by toxic chlorobenzoates. Sequencing and analysis of Achromobacter xylosoxidans A8 genome made it possible to study genes coding for enzymes that are involved in chlorobenzoates degradation in the context of the complete genetic background. An interesting microbial biofilm - gelatinous stalactites - was discovered in an extremely acidic environment of the abandoned mine in Zlaté Hory (the Czech Republic). It is formed by a simple...
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The genetic links around the Red Sea as revealed by the mtDNA
Čížková, Martina ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Rídl, Jakub (referee)
The Red Sea region is one of the important places that allow us to uncover traces of the evolution of anatomically modern humans. Besides the questions related to its expansion out of Africa, this region is also important in terms of the mutual influence between populations of Africa and Arabia that after a long period of isolation and genetic differentiation related to climate change in the Pleistocene and subsequent development of seaways and land routes in the Holocene began to contact with each other more frequently. Number of genetic analyzes has been done but some issues concerning on the later development still remain inadequately answered, mainly because of insufficient material. This work is focused on the analysis of 200 mtDNA sequences of four Sudanese populations - two populations of nomadic herdsmen Rashaida and Beja living in the close neighborhood around the city of Kassala and speaking different languages and two populations of the Nile Valley with settled way of life. Analysis of the intrapopulation level revealed much higher diversity of the sedentary populations (in this work the sedentary populations are represented by the Nubians and Arabs). Interpopulation variability and genetic distances within other 46 populations of the Red Sea showed that although Rashaida and Beja people...
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