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Judical reform in Czechoslovakia 1948 - 1953
Krátký, Jakub ; Pehr, Michal (advisor) ; Doubek, Vratislav (referee)
This work is introducing the processes which undergone in the Czechoslovak Justice during period of years 1948 and 1953. These processes resulted in complex change of the entire legal system in Czechoslovakia (CS). Newly established communist regime managed to build tight grip on power during the analyzed period of time. Changes of the justice, legal education and advocacy was analyzed by many excellent Czechoslovak scholars from area of law and contemporary history but their free publication was enabled after the fall of the communist regime in 1989. Important part of this work is analysis of the vital laws which was introduced during above mentioned period. First chapter is about important politician Alexej Cepicka, who was an architect of the whole judicial reform. Understanding of his role in the transformation of the society is necessary to understand the historical events. The second chapter focuses on the whole process of purification the society through mass organizations loyal to the communists and attempts to annihilate of the Catholic Church. The third chapter gives us an overview of the legal system transformation, with an emphasis on the new Constitution and vital repressive laws. In the following chapters, the transformation of the whole Czechoslovak justice, legal education and the...
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The Origin of the Constitution 1920
Stárková, Jitka ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee)
and key words This thesis is dealing with the foundation of the first Czechoslovakian constitution from 1920 and focusing on the role of Antonín Švehla in the process itself. The introductory parts dissert on the role of Antonín Švehla as an agrarian politician - his politics in the period before the formation of the Czechoslovakian Republic and consequently his politics during the first three years of the function of the new state. The next chapters analyze the actual foundation and acceptation of the constitution in 1920. In my thesis, I am concerned with an unofficial negotiation of constitution, the progress of the work of the constitutional Committee and the consequential discussion about constitutional model in the Revolutionary national assembly. I have chosen a procedure of working with a particular thematic aspects of the constitution and not the constitution as a complex. This method helps to highlight the friction between the concept of the constitution and Švehla's ideas. The chapters dealing with the constitution are ended by the evaluation of the content. The thesis ends up with the analysis of the role of Švehla as a politicial who worked on the creation of the constitution. Key words: constitution, Antonín Švehla, constitutional Committee, Revolutionary national assembly.
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The fascist movement in Czechoslovakia during the twenties-thirties of the 20th century
Balšánek, Aleš ; Pehr, Michal (advisor) ; Doubek, Vratislav (referee)
This thesis describes the fascist movement in Czechoslovakia in the interwar period. The main emphasis is on organizational and program fragmentation of Národní obec fašistická and its predecessors. In the text we can find other organizations connected with the fascism and their development and activities are explored. Gen. Radola Gajda as the main person of fascist movement is described and other important persons are mentioned too. The objektive of this text is finding the reasons of the silure of czech fascists. These reasons can be found at the fascists themselves.
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The background of the postwar renewal of Czechoslovak Social Democracy
Tomka, Petr ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee)
Poltické strany představovaly a dodnes představují nedílnou součást českého, popř. československého politického systému. Nejinak tomu bylo i v období tzv. lidové demokracie v letech 1945-1948, kdy si politické strany tvořící součást Národní fronty udržely roli jednoho z hlavních tvůrců nového režimu. Vždyť moskevská jednání o první poválečné vládě a charakteru nového politického systému v Československu nebyly ničím jiným než rozhovory vedenými zástupci jednotlivých politických stran patřících do Národní fronty. Jednu z nich představovala též obnovená sociálně demokratická strana, vystupující nyní pod pozměněným názvem Československá sociální demokracie. Předpoklady její poválečné obnovy jsou hlavním tématem předložené práce. Bakalářskou práci jsem nazval Předpoklady poválečné obnovy sociálně demokratické strany. Mým cílem je předložit v této souvislosti všechny základní rysy, události či jevy spjaté s otázkou poválečné výstavby sociálně demokratické strany. Z názvu práce chci zdůraznit zvláště slovo "předpoklady", jež má jasně vyjádřit, že zde nebude věnována pozornost pouze problematice obnovy započaté až na osvobozeném území Československa, nýbrž též zdrojům čili předpokladům tohoto jistě pozoruhodného procesu. K pochopení vývoje sociální demokracie vletech 1945-1948 je totiž nutné sledovat též její...
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The Czech political parties 1945-1946
Pehr, Michal ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Marek, Pavel (referee) ; Pernes, Jiří (referee)
Michal Pehr: Czech Political Parties 1945-1946 Resumé Ph.D. thesis Czech Political Parties 1945-1946 by Michal Pehr is focused on Czech political parties between 1945-1946. In eight chapters the author describes their renewal after World War II and their activities upto the May elections in 1946. In this period a new system of political parties was introduced, known as either National Front, Popular Democracy, or Afterwar Democracy. Its main aim was to reduce shortcomings of pre-war democracy, to secure peace and to improve conditions of society. Broad economic, political, and social reforms were to be the main means to these desired aims. In the period the changes took place as broad as nationalization, transfer of Germans, punishment of colaboraters with the German occupants as well as some limits had been imposed on the number of political parties and political freedoms. This concept of politics was to better the life for all and for that reason it was called popular-democracy. It was supposed to imply more freedom, rights and social advantages for all. A new system, however, soon showed serious shortcomings, such as the rapid growth of bureaucracy and corruption. In this period also the struggle of the Communists to take over all political power was growing. In other words this period was the time of...
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