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Short-circuit Calculation of Local Distribution Network
Byrtus, Jiří ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Topolánek, David (advisor)
This thesis deals with transient phenomena in the electricity grid - especially with short-circuits. First part describes short-circuit types, reasons for their commencement and also consequences of their functioning. The thesis further shows waveforms of short-circuit currents and its components. A method of calculating short-circuits currents, using the constituent systems and the basic equations for calculating short-circuit impedances are also mentioned here. Relations and methods are based on valid standards of IEC 60909 – 0. The second part indicates the calculation of two-phase and three-phase short-circuit currents for specific network of industrial building. This calculation aims to verify the dimensioning of substations for short-circuit currents after connecting a synchronous generator with given power to the main substation.
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Integration of Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Electricity System
Michl, Pavel ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discuses an integration of photovoltaic power stations to electric network. The first part describes connecting conditions of small sources to distribution system, including administrative requirements, feasibility study, and requirements to the energy meters, measuring, control devices, switching devices and protection. The second part is aimed to describe problems of the photovoltaic system. Solar radiation generating and reducing of its intensity incident upon the earth surface are described in this part. The quantum of produced electric power depends on climatic conditions in the fixed area, seasons, etc. This work also discusses the types of photovoltaic cells and their actual efficiency. Inverters are further important components of the photovoltaic system. The parameters of the inverters have a great influence on the total actual efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Different methods of the photovoltaic panels’ connection with the inverters and their advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. The supporting structure of the photovoltaic panels and eventually transformer are further important components of photovoltaic system. The work also analyze the methods of connection of the photovoltaic power station to distributive low voltage and medium voltage network, electric energy accumulation and possibilities of the sale of produced electric energy. The large number of the connected photovoltaic power stations has negative influences to electric network. The third part contains the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 516,24 kWp on the scoped area in southern Bohemia. The project documentation for the location where the power plant is designed is also made. It contains the design of photovoltaic panels, the design of the inverters to get an optimal power load. This part also contains a calculation of the photovoltaic system losses and the design of transformer and the cable junction calculation of the distributive system. The feasibility study of the power plant connected to distributive system is also conducted. Its delivery rate will be connected to the distribution point Řípov (110/22 kV). The calculation results show us that this photovoltaic power plant can be linked to the distribution system. The final part of this paper contains an economic estimate of the photovoltaic power plant operating and the calculation of the return. An Economic return is influenced by the wide range of values that affect the total return rate. The calculation of an operating economy is made for several variants. The return rate in refer to contemporary redemption price for 2010 with no consideration for a bank loan is 7 years. If we consider the bank loan it would be 12 years. The penetrative reduction of the redemption price is expected for 2011. Calculation works with the decline of 30 %. It would extend the rate of return to 11 years without a bank loan or to 22 years with the bank loan. The bank loan is considered to cover 80 % of the investment.
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Super Grids Conception
Chodura, Przemysław ; Prokop, Václav (referee) ; Paar, Martin (advisor)
Cílem bakalářské práce “Super Grids Conception” je poskytnout komplexní náhled na problematiku Super Gridů ve smyslu pozadí, konceptu jako takového, dostupných technologií, dosavadních zkušeností a budoucího vývoje, možných zdrojů elektrické energie a konkrétních konceptů a studií. V úvodu jsou osvětleny důvody vedoucí k potřebě elektrických sítí nové generace – celosvětové snahy snižovat dopad výroby elektrické energie na životní prostředí, rostoucí poptávka po elektrické energii a potřeba integrovat obnovitelné zdroje energie. Možné zdroje elektrické energie jsou diskutovány jak v širším kontextu, tak i ve smyslu současných omezení a budoucího vývoje. V druhé části jsou popsány koncepty Smart Gridu, Super Gridu a SuperSmart Gridu s důrazem na přínosy, základní principy a systémové hledisko. Autor se dále zabývá jen koncepcí Super Gridu. Použití stejnosměrných (HVDC) a střídavých (HVAC) technologií je porovnáno z technického i ekonomického hlediska a z něj vycházející typické použití těchto technologií. Dále je podrobně popsána nejlepší dostupná technologie HVDC systémů – základní principy a konfigurace, popis jednotlivých částí, omezení současných technologií, dosavadní zkušenosti a možný prostor pro další vývoj. Následuje zmínka nových výzev oblasti HVAC technologií ve vztahu k Super Gridům a popis problémů souvisejících s hybridními AC/DC linkami a koridory. V poslední části jsou vysvětleny rozdíly v historickém vývoji a současných postojích v různých částech světa. Zároveň jsou představeny koncepce zvažovaných Super Gridů. Zvláštní prostor je poskytnut vizionářské koncepci vytvořené DESERTEC Foundation a technickoekonomické studii OffshoreGrid.
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EV smart charging and BESS in increasing the PV hosting capacity of distribution networks
Filip, Robin ; Lehtonen, Matti (referee) ; Paar, Martin (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá dopadem nabíjení elektrických vozidel a bateriových úložišť na schopnost distribučních sítí nízkého napětí absorbovat fotovoltaické systémy. Převážně venkovské, příměstské a převážně městské regiony s různými stupni penetrace nekontrolovaně i kontrolovaně nabíjených elektromobilů jsou analyzovány Monte Carlo simulacemi. Hostingová kapacita je také analyzována, jestliže jsou elektrická vozidla jak nahrazena, tak doplněna domácími bateriovými úložišti. Práce je zakončena krátkou analýzou využitelnosti BESS.
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Optimalization of Power Electric Engineering Processes by Genetic Algorithms
Paar, Martin ; Hradílek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Skala, Petr (referee) ; Toman, Petr (advisor)
Current trends in regulation of electricity supply continuity in the power engineering industry includes introduction of systems and customers standards. The electricity market liberalization in the European Union is speeded up the process furthermore. Companies included in the distribution network bussiness therefore began to be interested more in the evaluation of risks associated with the aplication of these standards. The aim of the thesis is to minimize the expenses caused by power losses of the distribution network by means of distribution network reconfiguration depending on the standard selection. For the minimization two of the Genetic algorithms was selected. As an criterion the overall expenses caused by power losses and the expenses caused by an electricity shortage. Furthermore the influence of the inclusion of the power loss to the calculation on the operation costs for given regulation standards. Two contemporary standards - finish and portugues - are considered together with three experimental standards. The aim of including experimental standards is to complete the regulation standards with parameters uncovered in the portuguese and finish standard. The results described in the thesis can be used in the distribution network optimization process from the point of reliability and operational costs.
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SAIDI and SAIFI Calculation for a Low Voltage Distribution Networks in Mesh Configuration
Dohnal, Josef ; Souček, Jan (referee) ; Paar, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis aims to briefly interpret problems relating to continuity of distribution of electrical energy in a distribution network of low voltage. It also mentions methods of calculation of a distribution system´s reliability which are the most used in practice. Next, there is a chapter dedicated to how distribution networks are projected and operated in the Czech Republic and in the United Kingdom. Based on experiences with meshed networks operation this thesis designs protection of meshed distribution network of low voltage. In the end, a non-sequential method of Monte Carlo is used to calculate System Average Interruption Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency index (SAIFI).
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Reactive power compensation systems
Lakomý, Marek ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Drápela, Jiří (advisor)
Bachelor‘s thesis deals with the compensation of reactive power, which enables improved power factor correction. The theoretical part includes an explanation of basic concepts of the theory of reactive power compensation, the basic allocation of compensating equipment, their description and basic computational relations. Simulation of compensation devices, making laboratory models and measuring their parameters were realized as the practical part of the thesis.
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Overcurrent protection relay testing using tester TZO3.
Vavreczky, Gábor ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Toman, Petr (advisor)
The main task of this bachelor’s tesis is testing digital protection 7SA610 from Siemens. Purpose of the project is to take up with overcurrent functions of the protection, and realize it's testing through secondary tester TZO3. For this, the project grants theoretical foundations: deals with basic fault conditions in electrical networks, in detail describes the principle of individual types of overcurrent protections, grants informations about the used tester and about the used protection. In the final section of the thesis suggests applicable laboratory task in teaching at Department of Electrical Power Engineering, based on performed tests.
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Small Wind Power Plant Project
Görig, Tomáš ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Matoušek, Antonín (advisor)
This thesis deals with finding an suitable locality for construction and technical design of small wind power plant station. The several ways are described and the best one is chosen. Also are projected and described several choices of usage the produced energy. Next part deals with economical side of power plant project as well as the ways of usage the produced energy. Results of this evaluation helped the investor to choose the best option.
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