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Forbidden Faith: The so-called Religious Sects and Communist Dictatorship
Pácha, Martin ; Stehlík, Michal (advisor) ; Gjuričová, Adéla (referee) ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee)
The state-socialist system built after 1948 in Czechoslovakia was characterized by an effort to purposefully secularize society and replace religiosity with an ideological system based on the values of Marxism-Leninism. The repressive measures gradually affected all religious organizations, but not all of them equally. A specific category was constituted by religious groups, which the communist discourse defined as "sects." These were repeatedly placed in existential danger because they were outside the contemporary notion of "normal" religion. The dissertation uses the example of two such communities (the Pentecostal Movement, the Jehovah's Witnesses Religious Society) to analyse the interactions of religious actors with state representatives. The thesis demonstrates that the state's atheization strategies did not produce an atheistic society and, using the concept of the religious field, created a disjunctive space at the intersection of religion-culture-politics in which various believers were forced to modify their spiritual practices, but certainly did not become dominated passive bystanders. Similarly, the state administration did not remain static, and its activities gradually diversified according to the specificities of a given religious group. The thesis concludes that the state did not...
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"What a difference between today and the past!" Preschool education in the Third Republic.
Malá, Věra ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Pácha, Martin (referee)
(in English): This bacheor thesis focuses on preschool education in the Third Republic. It is based on the analysis of texts produced in that period. The thesis aims to provied through questions such as what was supposed to bet he correct way of educating, by whom should the education be carried out or what values should such an education transfer an insight into the character of the post-war state, as a child educated in such a spirit ought to be its model citizen. It tries as well to point out the continuity and and discontinuity in the matter of education and the specificity of Third Republic perspective.
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Housing Estate in Reflections of the Times. Changes in Urban Planning and Housing Between Normalization and the 1990s on the Example of Jižní Město II
Kundrát, Jan ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Pácha, Martin (referee)
(in English): The presented diploma thesis deals with the topic of Prague housing estate Jižní Město II (South City II), its visions, projecting and realization. It examines approaches to the creation of a residential environment, changes in opinions and ideas of ideal living, from the perspective of the architects. It analyses these aspects in the period from the 1970s to the 1990s, examining how the phenomenon of creating housing estates changed in these periods. This work analyses the selected topics on the basis of archival materials of an architectural origin, architectural magazines in which architects published at that time, as well as professional literature. Mass housing constructing with the aim of quick and effective solution of the housing crisis was accompanied by the typification and standardization of construction elements and the industrialization of the construction industry as such. After the introduction of the panel technology, increasingly large housing estates began to emerge, but many problems were associated with them. People moved into an under-construction uniform environment with no sidewalks, shops or services. This work analyses how the architects of Jižní Město II, which was supposed to become a model housing estate, responded to this situation in the second half of...
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The Image of Bolsheviks in Memory of Czechoslovak Legionaries
Pácha, Martin ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to describe the process of creation of the image and role of the Bolsheviks in the memory of Czechoslovak legionnaires. The main goal questioned was (i) how this image was generated immediatelly during the period of the legionnaries activities in Russia and (ii) how it has been changed after their return to Czechoslovakia. The first part of the analysis is based on legionnaries publications issued in Russia, namely the newspaper "Československý denník". The second part analyses the interwar legionnaries literature, mainly the texts of writers who commented on the Russian revolutionary events in general. Using the comparison of literary sources this work shows that returned legionnaries writers oversimplified Bolshevik theme in their texts and assigned them a stereotyped role of the enemy. Key words: Czechoslovak Legion, Literature of Legionaries, Bolsheviks, Image of the other
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Communists, Catholics and Teaching Religion
Pácha, Martin ; Spurný, Matěj (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
This thesis tries to historize the phenomenon of teaching religion in the Czech lands, especially in the period 1950-1956. In the first part of the thesis, the subject of interest is the analysis of the relationship between the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPCZ) and the Roman Catholic Church in order to create an appropriate framework for the empirical part. The second part of the thesis describes both the CPCZ strategy in the field of religious education and the concrete social practice associated with their implementation. As a result, the study maps a certain imaginary space between the ideological claim and the daily practice that is created in communication between communist elites, church secretaries, local officials, teachers and directors, church representatives, and believers themselves. The thesis concludes that in socialist education there was a certain effort to use religious teaching in the sense of socialist upbringing. However, since the end of the first half of the 1950s, this effort has been gradually reduced and all signs of the normality of teaching religion should have been reduced to a minimum, but the study shows that local practice has not always achieved this claim. It has always been limited by an effort not to go beyond the "legality" framework that could jeopardize...
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The Image of Bolsheviks in Memory of Czechoslovak Legionaries
Pácha, Martin ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to describe the process of creation of the image and role of the Bolsheviks in the memory of Czechoslovak legionnaires. The main goal questioned was (i) how this image was generated immediatelly during the period of the legionnaries activities in Russia and (ii) how it has been changed after their return to Czechoslovakia. The first part of the analysis is based on legionnaries publications issued in Russia, namely the newspaper "Československý denník". The second part analyses the interwar legionnaries literature, mainly the texts of writers who commented on the Russian revolutionary events in general. Using the comparison of literary sources this work shows that returned legionnaries writers oversimplified Bolshevik theme in their texts and assigned them a stereotyped role of the enemy. Key words: Czechoslovak Legion, Literature of Legionaries, Bolsheviks, Image of the other
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