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Small parties in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic: Case study - Věci veřejné
Sodomka, Jan ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Němec, Jan (referee)
Elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic were a huge success for the new party Věci veřejné. During party's first elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the party was able to reach almost 570,000 voters. The paper analyzes the causes of sudden electoral success of Věci veřejné and offers insights into the gradual transformation from the regional party to the state level party. The emphasis is on party's self-presentation and on the topics that were used in order to reach the voters. The paper shows, how can a new small party succeed in parliamentary elections.
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Change of the constitution: an analysis of the circumstances, the course and the impact
Štveráková, Iveta ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Smetanková, Daša (referee)
Since 1 January 2012 there is a new constitution in Hungary, which has been facing a negative criticism not only in homeland but especially abroad from the moment of the approval. The criticism relates to the process of creating and approving the new constitution, which took place in 2011, as well as its content. The constitution is mainly criticized for distortion of the democratic principles. Therefore the aim of this thesis will be an analysis of the process of creation and approval of the constitution, its content and response of domestic and international actors. In April 2012, due to some controversial provisions in the constitution Hungary was brought to the Court of Justice of the EU. Therefore the thesis also deals with the causes of this serious decision and at the same time the way of treating Hungary because of irregularities in the constitution.
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Consociationalism in practice: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Fialová, Tereza ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The model of a consociational democracy, which has been imposed on Bosnia and Herzegovina, has not started working -- not even after 16 years of being applied -- the way it ought to. After the last parliamentary elections, that were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina in October 2010, the effort to assemble the government lasted for 16 months. Moreover, the Serbians, since contracting the Dayton Agreement, which was in fact proposed by the international community, have had rather separatist tendencies. The Croats are not satisfied with the current form of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where they have to live along with the Bosnians. They demand a creation of the third entity within the regions occupied mostly by their nation. The Bosnians, however, want the country to head towards a unitary state instead. These are not the only conflicts and issues impeding the effective function of the political system. This thesis primarily concentrates on analyzing the causes which constrain from a successful functioning of a consociational democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Crisis of the representative function of political parties in Chile
Beranová, Marie ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Školkayová, Marta (referee)
Over the last year, Chile has witnessed a large number of anti-governmental protests against the cabinet of Sebastián Piňera, from which the protests of the university students reached the biggest strenght. The bachelor's thesis deals with the phenomenon of student protests in the context of contemporary Chilean party system and its political parties, which are currently undergoing a crisis of representation. The theoretical part of the thesis describes party systems and functions of political parties, especially the representative function. The first chapter of the empirical part of the thesis examines current conditions of the contemporary Chilean party system, into which the anti-governmental student protests, described in the following chapter, are set. The thesis concludes with reactions of both governmental and oposition coalitions to the student protests and to the political parties crisis. The main aim of the thesis is to answer the question why the decreasing support of the government does not lead to a rise of preferences for the oposition.
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Thesis discussing Euroscepticism within Czech and Slovak political parties within the current economic climate
Pulkrábková, Aneta ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Vymětal, Petr (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor Thesis is to describe and compare the current manifestations of Euroscepticism within the political elites and the citizens of the Czech and Slovak Republic, with specific regard to important milestones of European integration. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on conceptual approaches, which analyze the attitudes of political parties towards the EU and European integration. The second chapter discusses the classification of the various political parties, grouping them according to Petr Kanioks scale system of either euroscepticism, eurogovernmentalism or europeanists. The final chapter concentrates on the reasons which led political parties to uphold a negative stance towards integration, due to either ideological, or tactical-strategic grounds. The objective of the Thesis is to find out how similarly the Czech and Slovak Republics see European integration, and whether euroscepticism explains an ideological, or tactical-strategic stance.
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Solution of the conflict between the representatives of executive power in a semi-presidential system: the case of Finland
Havlenová, Jitka ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the transfer of powers within the executive of the Finnish president to the Prime Minister. Its aim is to analyze the gradual change in distribution of powers which at the same time entails the transition from the semi-presidential system to parliamentarism. It also aims to find out what were the causes of these changes. The thesis should confirm that Finland can already be considered a pure parliamentary system. It focuses on the practical performance of foreign policy which is often a subject of disputes between the representatives of the executive. The aim is to find out whether the Finnish policy implemented within the European Union is at the level of domestic or foreign policy. The first part is devoted to the very concept of the semi-presidential system, its origin and different theoretical views of political scientists who have dealt with this issue. The following part deals with the characteristics of semi-presidential system in Finland and describes the process of changing the role of the president. The last chapter analyzes the constitutional amendments and the new constitution. It compares the powers assigned to the head of the state and to the Prime Minister according to the old constitution and the new one.
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Analysis of the Influence of Preferential Voting on the Municipal Elections
Mareček, Jan ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Lisa, Aleš (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the transmission of voting behavior patterns from elections to the Chamber of Deputies to the Municipal elections in 2010. There has been recorded an entirely new phenomenon of preferential voting for the last four candidates on the lists during the last Parliamentary elections, which had been created by Citizens' Initiative. This kind of preferential voting has proved very effective in order to show dissatisfaction with usually always the same candidates on the lists. The aim of the thesis is to find out what was the impact of the Parliamentary elections on the voting patterns in the Municipal elections that took place five months later. The text is divided into four chapters. The first one is a theoretical basis of the thesis which deals with proportional and majority systems with a focus on preferential voting. The second chapter concentrates on the personalization of the vote in various types of elections to the Czech representative bodies. The third chapter could be characterized as a bridge between theoretical and empirical part, where the author describes the phenomenon of the preferential voting in the Chamber of Deputies in May 2010. The last (fourth) chapter consists of author's analysis of preferential voting in the Prerov Municipal elections, which in the end enables to answer the questions.
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Financing of political parties and party patronage in Czech Republic
Novotný, Petr ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Němec, Jan (referee)
This thesis proceeds with my bachelor's thesis Financing of Political Parties in Czech Republic. Party patronage is additional field of study of how political parties work in real life. We can analyze different factors while studying party patronage such as the overlap or intrusion of political parties in state administration, the way how patronage is practised and it's criteria, similarly to studying the way how party financing influences for example electoral outcomes. I will point out main theoretical approach to this relatively new field of studies and its methological foundations. I will devote a seprate chapter to a non-existing Law on Public Service and see whether this should be enacted or not.
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