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Využití embryotransferu v chovu holštýnského skotu
Musilová, Ivana
This bachelor’s thesis gives an overview and basic information about the method of transferring embryos in cows, basic procedures needed for its realization, physiological processes related to reproduction, and other methods used when working with embryos. It describes the embryo transfer from the farmer’s point of view (such as choosing and preparing the donor cow, collection of embryos and manipulation with them) but also from the animal’s perspective (ovarian and sexual cycle, impregnation, and embryo development). In the practical part, there is an evaluation of data gained over the years 2019 to 2021 from a dairy farm Agras Bohdalov a.s. During the evaluated period there were approximately 57 embryo flushings per year, 442 embryos were collected and 263 of them were suitable for transfer. About 59.3 % of this amount was transferred immediately and the rest was frozen. In total, 268 calves were born from fresh embryos and 67.54 % of them were heifers. There were 179 donor cows chosen and flushed over the three monitored years and 45 % of them were heifers. The most frequently used bulls were Twitch (used 13 times total) and Nighthawk (10 times).
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Physiological and pharmacological aspects of tryptophan and serotonin homeostasis in the fetoplacental unit
Karahoda, Rona ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Stuchlík, Aleš (referee) ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Rona Karahoda Supervisor Prof. PharmDr. Frantisek Staud, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Physiological and pharmacological aspects of tryptophan and serotonin homeostasis in the fetoplacental unit The placenta is an ephemeral organ inevitable for the successful course of pregnancy. As the main link between the mother and the fetus, the placenta fulfills numerous roles during gestation, including endocrine, transport, and immunoprotective processes. Proper functioning of the placenta is critical for the normal growth and development of the embryo/fetus. Importantly, the latest research has associated perturbations of maternal conditions (such as pharmacotherapy, malnutrition, diseases, stress, or inflammation) with alterations of the trophoblasts' endocrine, transport, and metabolic functions. Of note is the placental utilization of the essential amino acid tryptophan, suggested as a potential mechanism contributing to fetal programming of adulthood diseases. Tryptophan flux along the serotonin and kynurenine pathways generates metabolites with neuroactive, immunosuppressive, and antioxidant properties. Current literature suggests that fine-tuning of tryptophan metabolite concentrations...
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Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production.
Najpaverová, Simona ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Tláskal, Petr (referee) ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Simona Najpaverova Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production Introduction and objective: During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes that support proper fetus development and prepare the mother's body for delivery as well as subsequent breast-feeding period. Monitoring of these changes, can detect a non-physiological course of pregnancy and thus prevent potential complications that disrupt fetus development, the delivery itself, lactation or newborn future life. This longitudinal study aimed to detect changes in maternal body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional intake during pregnancy and lactation and assess the relationship of these parameters with newborn characteristics (height, weight) and maternal milk production, which is not well known in women of the Czech population. Methods: 92 healthy primiparous Czech women with a physiological pregnancy were included in the study. The examinations of women were performed in three pregnancy periods...
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Intra-amniotic Inflammation in Women with Preterm Labor with Intact Membranes - Clinical and Experimental Aspects
Stráník, Jaroslav ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (advisor) ; Šimetka, Ondřej (referee) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL) is responsible for approximately 40% of all preterm deliveries. PTL is frequently complicated by intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), characterized by the elevation of inflammatory mediators in the amniotic fluid. Based on the presence or absence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC), two different clinical phenotypes of IAI are distinguished: i) intra-amniotic infection, when microorganisms are present in the amniotic fluid, and ii) sterile IAI, when there are no microorganisms in the amniotic fluid. The clinical severity of both phenotypes of IAI is underlined by their association with adverse neonatal outcomes. In addition to the presence or absence of MIAC, there are also differences between the phenotypes of IAI in terms of their intra-amniotic inflammatory status characteristics. The clinical part of this thesis has addressed these differences in women with PTL. The first specific aim of this clinical study was to determine the concentration of interleukin (IL)-6 in the cervical fluid of women with PTL complicated by intra-amniotic infection and sterile IAI. The second specific aim was to determine the concentration of IgGFc-binding protein (FcgammaBP) in the amniotic and cervical fluids of women with PTL complicated by intra-amniotic...
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Effect of hysterotomy suture techniques after cesarean on its healing
Hanáček, Jiří ; Krofta, Ladislav (advisor) ; Ľubušký, Marek (referee) ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (referee)
Introduction: This prospective randomised study compared healing of the scars after cesarean section during the first postpartum year using a single or double layer suturing technique. Material and methods: Women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies indicated for elective or acute cesarean section were randomly allocated to the uterine closure technique group. During the first postpartum year, their lower uterine segment was examined with a transvaginal ultrasound in 3 consecutive visits at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: 324 women had the 12 months visit, out of these 149 underwent single layer closure of the uterine incision, 175 underwent double-layer technique. A higher proportion of the defects is seen in the single layer closure technique of suturing. Defects in the single layer group were wider (0.002) and the residual myometrial thickness in the single layer group were thinner (0.019). Women who underwent cesarean section at the stage of full cervical dilation had scars that were closer to the external cervical os (0.000). Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that double layer technique with the first continuous nonlocking suture followed by a second continuous nonlocking suture is associated with better suture healing and greater residual myometrial thickness.
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Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production.
Najpaverová, Simona ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Tláskal, Petr (referee) ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Simona Najpaverova Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Changes in nutrition, resting energy expenditure, and body composition of Czech women during pregnancy and lactation in relation to birth parameters and milk production Introduction and objective: During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes that support proper fetus development and prepare the mother's body for delivery as well as subsequent breast-feeding period. Monitoring of these changes, can detect a non-physiological course of pregnancy and thus prevent potential complications that disrupt fetus development, the delivery itself, lactation or newborn future life. This longitudinal study aimed to detect changes in maternal body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional intake during pregnancy and lactation and assess the relationship of these parameters with newborn characteristics (height, weight) and maternal milk production, which is not well known in women of the Czech population. Methods: 92 healthy primiparous Czech women with a physiological pregnancy were included in the study. The examinations of women were performed in three pregnancy periods...
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Physiological and pharmacological aspects of tryptophan and serotonin homeostasis in the fetoplacental unit
Karahoda, Rona ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Stuchlík, Aleš (referee) ; Kacerovská Musilová, Ivana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Rona Karahoda Supervisor Prof. PharmDr. Frantisek Staud, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Physiological and pharmacological aspects of tryptophan and serotonin homeostasis in the fetoplacental unit The placenta is an ephemeral organ inevitable for the successful course of pregnancy. As the main link between the mother and the fetus, the placenta fulfills numerous roles during gestation, including endocrine, transport, and immunoprotective processes. Proper functioning of the placenta is critical for the normal growth and development of the embryo/fetus. Importantly, the latest research has associated perturbations of maternal conditions (such as pharmacotherapy, malnutrition, diseases, stress, or inflammation) with alterations of the trophoblasts' endocrine, transport, and metabolic functions. Of note is the placental utilization of the essential amino acid tryptophan, suggested as a potential mechanism contributing to fetal programming of adulthood diseases. Tryptophan flux along the serotonin and kynurenine pathways generates metabolites with neuroactive, immunosuppressive, and antioxidant properties. Current literature suggests that fine-tuning of tryptophan metabolite concentrations...
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Possible use of doppler flowmetry in the detection of discordant growth of twins
Musilová, Ivana ; Rešlová, Taťána (advisor) ; Měchurová, Alena (referee) ; Ľubušký, Marek (referee)
Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of selected doppler parameters as a test for the prediction of twin growth discordancy (GD) and to compare it with the efficiency of routinely used ultrasound biometrical parameters. Design: Prospective clinical study. Methods: Set was formed by 63 twin pregancies. Intertwin differences in Doppler parameters (umbilical artery - AU, middle cerebral artery - MCA, cerebroplacental ratio - CPR) and biometrical parameters (biparietal diameter - BPD, abdominal circumference - AC, femur length - FL, estimated fetal weight - EFW) were studied. Simultaneously, uterine arteries impedance was assessed. GD was identified by the birth weight difference from 20%. The efficiency of intertwin differences in studied parameters were evaluated using ROC analysis. Results: Biometrical measurements performed within three weeks antepartum were in prediction of GD more accurate than doppler parameters (AUC for EFW 0.99; for AU 0.56; for CPR 0.71). Three to six weeks antepartum, the efficiency of biometrical and doppler parameters was comparable (AUC for EFW 0.79; for AU 0.81; for CPR 0.81). In interval more than six weeks antepartum, biometrical parameters were not effective, DG was predictable only using CPR (AUC for EFW 0.62; for AU 0.56; for CPR 0.77). No significant differences...
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