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Using of organism Eisenia foetida in ecotoxicity tests
Modlitbová, Pavlína ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Pesticide products used for plant protection are one of the chemicals that are intentionally brought into the environment. In Czech Republic there are legally used only those pesticide products, which are registered by SRS (State Phytosanitary Administration). For registration of these products there is required in addition to assessing the likely negative effects on human and animal health, also information whether the pesticide products negatively not affect the environment, in particular avoiding the contamination of aqua system or not effect the non target organisms. This master's thesis discuss the use of organism Eisenia foetida (redworm) in the contact ecotoxicity tests by testing pesticide products. There were selected such pesticide products where there are not solid information about their impact on non-target soil organism (Eisenia foetida) and based on literature research was chosen ecotoxicity test by OECD 207 method, the acute toxicity test which is in place for 14 days. Two pesticide products Topsin M 500 SC (active ingredient thiophanate-methyl) and Perfekthion (active ingredient dimethoate) were tested. Ecotoxicological values were calculated and ecotoxicity of such peticide products for soil organism were avaulated.
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Detection of luminescent nanoparticles in plants by laser spectroscopy
Střítežská, Sára ; Novotný,, Karel (referee) ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of toxicity and bioaccumulation of photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in model plant maize (Zea mays). Lanthanide-doped UCNPs with different composition and size were tested in three different concentrations in this work. The exposure took place for 168 hours. Toxicity was assessed based on four macroscopic toxicological endpoints (mortality, the length of belowground part of the plants, the length of aboveground part of the plants and whole plants length). Spatial distribution of elements yttrium, ytterbium, erbium and gadolinium in model plants was determined using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy with spatial resolution of 100 m and 26 m. Distribution of UCNPs in plants was further studied with photon-upconversion microscanning with spatial resolution of 40 m. Stability of UCNPs during and after the plant exposure was also discussed in this thesis.
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Importance of contact tests of ecotoxicity
Modlitbová, Pavlína ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is dealing with an issue of contact tests of ecotoxicity and their importance for solid matrices testing as wastes, contaminated soil etc. According to the requierements of current legislative, ecotoxicity of these materials is evaluated only for results obtained with testing their water leach. Need of insertion ecotoxicity contact tests into mandatory set of tests is discussed in thesis, because current set of tests is relevant only for water ecosystem and does not support sufficient prediction for eventual ecotoxicologic impacts for terrestrial ecosystem.
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Analysis of biotic matrices by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Střítežská, Sára ; Karel,, Novotný (referee) ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (advisor)
This bachelor thesis discusses the possibility of using Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for biological application. The LIBS method was used to determine spatial distribution of a chosen element, cadmium, in selected model plant, white mustard (Sinapis Alba L.) The exposure took place in hydroponic conditions and lasted for 72 hours, therefore it was an acute toxicity test. Three different sources of cadmium were tested, mercaptopropionic acid stabilized quantum dots (CdTe QDs), silica coated quantum dots (CdTe/SiO2 QDs), and cadmium chloride, which was used as a positive control. After the exposure and before determination of the spatial distribution of cadmium in plants, a significant portion of the thesis was devoted to optimization of selected parameters of LIBS measurement (laser energy and gate delay). Subsequently, the cadmium distribution was determined and the obtained results were discussed with regards to the tested substance, its stability and its tendency to aggregate/agglomerate in water medium in contact with testing organism during exposure. In the final part of the work, the suitability of the LIBS method for the determination of spatial distribution of chosen contaminants was evaluated.
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Evaluation of energetic byproducts via selected ecotoxicity tests
Král, Petr ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of bachelor thesis is the study of ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts generated from the power industry. The theoretical part is focused on current problems concerning waste ecotoxicity testing namely on needs of ecotoxicity testing not only in terrestric but also in aquatic arrangement. In practical part selected energetic byproduct were evaluated via Acute toxicity test and Avoidance test on soil organism earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and Plant root growth inhibition test on letuce and onion (Lactuca sativa a Allium cepa). Luminescent bacteria test on Vibrio fischeri was also used. Obtained results served for evaluation of potential ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts discussion. It was found that test in contact arrangement is very important for complex evaluation of negative effects of matrices entering the ecosystem. Also the importance of test on luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri is not negligible, because provides additional information of effects on representatives of destruents as an important ecosystem function part.
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The Introduction of Contact Ecotoxicity Tests for the Assessment of Terrestrial Ecosystems
Modlitbová, Pavlína ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Beklová, Miroslava (referee) ; Demnerová, Kateřina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This dissertation thesis is focus on using toxicity tests with testing organism - terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber. This organism is use for toxicity assessment of selected anorganic compunds which could contaminate terrestrial ecosystem. This organism was selected for several reasons - sophisticated test methodology; well known biology of these animals and their ecological relevance. Besides classical endpoints such as mortality, change in mass of test specimens and the effect of the presence and concentration of contaminants onto food consumption; we monitored changes in the morphometric characteristics at the level of tissues and cells, the cytotoxicity and possibly bioaccumulation in various parts of the body of the organism. Selected test substance in this thesis were nanoparticles and inorganic salts. Wherein for chosen gold nanoparticles was carried out a complete study presents several levels of organization of living matter (organism, tissue, cell). For selected salts compound, this study was carried out on the behavior of organisms and classical endpoints.
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Analysis of teeth and bones by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Šindelářová, Anna ; Pořízka,, Pavel (referee) ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the elemental composition of hard tissues – human and murine jaws studied by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS). Samples of human teeth contained a disease called ankylosis and the difference in elemental composition of healthy and diseased tissue was observed to localize ankylosis in the tooth. When evaluating the map of the spatial distribution of phosphorus and calcium, a decrease in the concentration of these elements in the ankylosis infected area was observed. Furthermore, murine jaws containing lead were analyzed. When assessing the spatial distribution of lead in tissue, it was found that lead was incorporated in murine teeth in the enamel at the tip of the incisor and molars. In conclusion, LIBS method achieved good results considering the detection of the elemental distribution of hard tissues. It enables to differentiate parts of the tooth in terms of elemental composition and tissue hardness and also to detect changes in the matrix caused by a disease or bioaccumulation of heavy metals.
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Analysis of teeth and bones by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Šindelářová, Anna ; Pořízka,, Pavel (referee) ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the elemental composition of hard tissues – human and murine jaws studied by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS). Samples of human teeth contained a disease called ankylosis and the difference in elemental composition of healthy and diseased tissue was observed to localize ankylosis in the tooth. When evaluating the map of the spatial distribution of phosphorus and calcium, a decrease in the concentration of these elements in the ankylosis infected area was observed. Furthermore, murine jaws containing lead were analyzed. When assessing the spatial distribution of lead in tissue, it was found that lead was incorporated in murine teeth in the enamel at the tip of the incisor and molars. In conclusion, LIBS method achieved good results considering the detection of the elemental distribution of hard tissues. It enables to differentiate parts of the tooth in terms of elemental composition and tissue hardness and also to detect changes in the matrix caused by a disease or bioaccumulation of heavy metals.
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Detection of luminescent nanoparticles in plants by laser spectroscopy
Střítežská, Sára ; Novotný,, Karel (referee) ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of toxicity and bioaccumulation of photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in model plant maize (Zea mays). Lanthanide-doped UCNPs with different composition and size were tested in three different concentrations in this work. The exposure took place for 168 hours. Toxicity was assessed based on four macroscopic toxicological endpoints (mortality, the length of belowground part of the plants, the length of aboveground part of the plants and whole plants length). Spatial distribution of elements yttrium, ytterbium, erbium and gadolinium in model plants was determined using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy with spatial resolution of 100 m and 26 m. Distribution of UCNPs in plants was further studied with photon-upconversion microscanning with spatial resolution of 40 m. Stability of UCNPs during and after the plant exposure was also discussed in this thesis.
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LIBS assessment of spatial photon-upconversion nanoparticle distribution in model plants (R. sativus and L. minor)
Modlitbová, P. ; Novotný, K. ; Hlaváček, Antonín ; Pořízka, P. ; Kaiser, J.
In the present study, radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) were treated with an aqueous dispersion of carboxylated silica-coated photon-upconversion nanoparticles containing rare-earth elements (Y, Yb, and Er). The total content of rare earths and their bioaccumulation factors were determined in the root, hypocotyl, and leaves of R. sativus after 72 hours, and in L. minor fronds after 168 hours. In R. sativus, translocation factors were determined as the ratio of rare earths content in hypocotyl versus roots and in leaves versus hypocotyl. The lengths of the root and hypocotyl in R. sativus, as well as the frond area in L. minor were monitored as toxicity end points. To distinguish rare-earth bioaccumulation patterns, two-dimensional maps of elemental distribution in the whole R. sativus plant and in L. minor fronds were obtained by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with a lateral resolution of 100 μm. Obtained results revealed that the tested nanoparticles became adsorbed on L. minor fronds and R. sativus roots, and got transferred from roots through the hypocotyl into leaves in R. sativus. Our results show that bioaccumulation patterns and spatial distribution of rare earths in nanoparticle-treated plants differ from those of positive control (the mixture of YCl3, YbCl3, and ErCl3).
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