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Representation of Genetics in International Biology Olympiad
Šinknerová, Eliška ; Rothová, Olga (advisor) ; Matějková, Tereza (referee)
I chose this topic because biological competitions are an essential part of high school biology education. These competitions provide students with valuable opportunities to develop their skills in the field and can be highly motivating. The main goal of this thesis is to describe and analyse the representation of genetics and various genetic disciplines in the assignments of the last ten rounds of International Biology Olympiad (IBO) and to compare the representation of assignments from different disciplines in different countries. Another goal is to compare the frequency of genetic questions according to Bloom's taxonomy, the type of used representation and level of organization. This thesis focuses on the analysis of questions from genetics in IBO in the years 2009-2018. Genetics can be considered a discipline that binds most areas of biology, all its organizational levels, and it is a fundamental part of biology, thus being good field to examine this way. I divided the analysed questions into biological disciplines and questions belonging to genetics into the categories of Bloom's taxonomy (revised version), according to the representation used (diagram, graph, family tree, photo, table, taxonomic tree, map, electrophoresis result diagram, spectrometry result diagram, northern blot result...
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Integrated multi-omics analysis of chemical signaling in wild rodents
Matějková, Tereza ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee) ; Bryja, Josef (referee)
Symbiotic bacteria living with the host in so-called microbiomes have been one of the significant pillars of all aspects of animal evolution, chemical communication included. However, the phenotype, genotype, and microbiome of laboratory animals kept for generations in sterile conditions changed from their wild ancestors leading to profound differences in the laboratory results and the reality of wild animals. To describe the chemical communication in neglected wild rodents, this thesis focuses on the body parts involved in chemical communication (i.e. mouth, vagina, and intestines) and are also inhabited by microbiomes that produce metabolites with the capability of transmitting chemical signals. Using next-generation sequencing and state-of-the-art proteome and metabolome chromatography-mass spectrometry, this thesis covers the analysis of changes in the microbiome, proteome, and metabolome of wild mice in the context of transferring the wild individuals into the captivity, cohousing wild, and laboratory animals and hormonal changes during the estrous cycles. Moreover, this thesis describes and discusses the differences and similarities in the microbiome, proteome, and metabolome on the level of different species (Apodemus sp.), subspecies (Mus musculus domesticus vs. musculus), and environment...
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Comparative and evolutionary analyses of neurulation in non-teleost fishes
Matějková, Tereza ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Pergner, Jiří (referee)
Neurulation, i. e. formation of a neural tube, is a crucial event in embryogenesis of each vertebrate. This developmental process is rather stereotypical, generally comprising a transformation of a neural plate into a neural tube. In the majority of vertebrate groups, neurulation classically occurs by a folding process of bending neural folds, whereas in bony fishes (Teleostei), representing a crown group of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), the neurulation occurs rather differently by a solid neural keel. The three stem groups of ray- finned fishes - bichirs, sturgeons and gars - might thus serve as unique models for understanding of evolutionary changes in the pattern of vertebrate neurulation. For that reason, detailed developmental series of bichir (Polypterus senegalus), sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) and gar (Atractosteus tropicus) were used, and their morphogenetic processes of neurulation were compared. I present here description of the outer morphology, and analyses of tissue and cellular changes, with a focus on intrinsic forces within the neural plate like apical constriction and convergent extension, as well as on some extrinsic forces. I also try to discuss possible mechanisms of an evolutionary transition from the bending of the neural plate to the neurulation via the neural keel,...
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Comparative and evolutionary analyses of neurulation in non-teleost fishes
Matějková, Tereza ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Pergner, Jiří (referee)
Neurulation, i. e. formation of a neural tube, is a crucial event in embryogenesis of each vertebrate. This developmental process is rather stereotypical, generally comprising a transformation of a neural plate into a neural tube. In the majority of vertebrate groups, neurulation classically occurs by a folding process of bending neural folds, whereas in bony fishes (Teleostei), representing a crown group of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), the neurulation occurs rather differently by a solid neural keel. The three stem groups of ray- finned fishes - bichirs, sturgeons and gars - might thus serve as unique models for understanding of evolutionary changes in the pattern of vertebrate neurulation. For that reason, detailed developmental series of bichir (Polypterus senegalus), sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) and gar (Atractosteus tropicus) were used, and their morphogenetic processes of neurulation were compared. I present here description of the outer morphology, and analyses of tissue and cellular changes, with a focus on intrinsic forces within the neural plate like apical constriction and convergent extension, as well as on some extrinsic forces. I also try to discuss possible mechanisms of an evolutionary transition from the bending of the neural plate to the neurulation via the neural keel,...
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Neurulation in vertebrates: comparative and evolutionary points of view
Matějková, Tereza ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Němec, Pavel (referee)
Neurulation is an essential developmental process leading to the formation of neural tube that occurs during early embryogenesis of all vertebrates. In order to better understand neurulation of our own group, we should take into account also the modes of neurulation that take place in closely related vertebrate groups. This bachelor thesis is intended to summarize our knowledge on neurulation across vertebrates, but also in our sister groups like tunicates, amphioxus, or acorn worms. In vertebrates, neurulation typically proceeds via a common scheme that includes bending of a neural plate towards the dorsal midline, together with elevation of the neural folds. The neural tube is fully established when neural folds are brought into contact and fuse together. With some minor modifications, this scheme is common in the jaw-less fishes (Cyclostomata), cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) and also in the lobe-finned fishes (Sarcopterygii). However, in the ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) that represent nearly half of all recent vertebrate species, the neurulation proceeds rather differently. Whereas in the basal ray-finned fish lineages like in bichirs, sturgeons, or gars, the neural tube forms rather typically, in more derived teleost fishes and also in Amia, neural tube forms via the so-called...
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Education of Seniors in Civil Society Organizations in the Czech Republic
Matějková, Tereza ; Moree, Dana (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Tereza (referee)
Organisations of different type and legal status engage in senior education in the Czech Republic. Civil society organisations available online are not the dominant providers of educational courses and activities for seniors in the Czech Republic. Civil society organisations represent 17 % of all providers of educational courses available online. Six civil society organisations engaged in senior education were found in the region Vysočina. Participants of the educational courses consider all activities practised in these courses to be education because they learn new skills there. They appreciate these courses for the education itself, for meaningful free time spending and for the opportunity of active life even in the time of senescence. For nearly the most important point considered by the participants so as the organisators is connecting and broadening of social contacts of the participants and creating of social network. This can be considered for the most distinct manifestation of civil society concerning senior education.
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Motivation of volunteers working with seniors in non-profit-making organizations in Prague
Matějková, Tereza ; Holda, Dalibor (advisor) ; Salačová, Lucie (referee)
The main target of my thesis is to chart the motivation of volunteers working with seniors in non-profit-making organizations in Prague. The theoretical part of my thesis targets the explanation of theory of motivation and possibilities of motivating people in practice. Next it targets the work with seniors, its difficulties and specifics. I also illustrate volunteer work in non-profit-making organizations, first of all activities which they can do and then possibilities of working with them. The last chapter of the theoretical part describes activities (services provided for clients, work with volunteers) of four Prague's non-profit-making organizations in which my research was made. The results of this research are analysed and elaborated in the practical part of my thesis. The research was made by a qualitative method, in the concrete by semi-standardized interviews with informants - volunteers from the above mentioned four Prague's non-profitmaking organizations. I consider the research by this method really good for the theme of my thesis because we can get a lot of interesting information about the theme motivation from different points of view of the informants. I investigated their motivation for volunteering and motivation for work with seniors. Next theme was how volunteers face difficulties of...
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Democracy and its prospects in developing countries
Matějková, Tereza ; Volenec, Otakar (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis examines prospects of democracy in developing countries. The first part deals with the notion democracy, ways of its measuring and its conditions. The second part introduces democratization processes during the twentieth century. Next chapters outline contemporary situation in three developing continents -- Latin America, Africa and Asia. Final part summarizes prospects of democracy in today's world.
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Pozice Irska v mezinárodním obchodě
Matějková, Tereza ; Jirges, Tibor (advisor) ; Mertlíková, Františka (referee)
Bakalářská práce Pozice Irska v mezinárodním obchodě hodnotí vývoj hospodářské situace v zemi od druhé světové války do současnosti a analyzuje hlavní příčiny jejího úspěchu v devadesátých letech minulého století. Dále se zabývá členstvím Irska v nejvýznamnějších mezinárodních organizacích a obchodně - politickým vztahům s Českou republikou. Závěrečná část je věnována problematice přímých zahraničních investic.
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