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Thinking the psychedelic
Michalik, Tadeáš ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee)
2 Abstract In this text, we are asking if it is possible to think the 'psychedelic' without labelling it as 'different', 'imaginary', 'fantastic' or 'unreal', and without thinking it as a particular experiential region belonging specifically to human experience. By first thinking 'experience', we are then attempting to relate the psychedelic experience to human experience considered in the simple joining of its basic dimensions, and to think both of these experiential modalities through the same motives. If we think 'experience' as opening itself through its boundaries, which limit and thus open the dimensions through which the fundamental relation of presencing and apprehension plays, then we can think the psychedelic using the concept of 'layer' derived from the concept of 'boundary'. We first think the phenomena of transparency of time, of transparent attunement and of transparent clarity, which belong to human experience in its simplicity. We then think the phenomenon of disjoining of the basic dimensions of human experience, which takes us from human experience in its simplicity, through strangeness, towards the psychedelic. Lastly, we think the phenomenon of permeating, taking us to the simply joined or disjoined dimensions of human and non-human experience being played out in their layeredness...
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The concept of existence by Karl Jaspers
Šulcová, Irena ; Zika, Richard (advisor) ; Marek, Jakub (referee)
EN: Jaspers came to philosophy from medicine and psychology. Unique personal situation, authentic life experience, unrepeatable faithful self-respect turned psychopathologist Jaspers from psychiatric physiology of soul to the thesis of ciphers of transcendence, borderline, edge and horizon. He constituted his own pattern of the thinker not only as an explaining teacher, but also as co-creator of original ethics, based on deep comprehension of the other, importance of encompassing communication between man and man. First section of my work deals with the concept of Border. Our attitudes and picture of the universe and its evaluation are limited by borders. The holistic complex being remains behind the horizon The second part is dedicated to border-line situation as an phenomenon of possibility, as seen from the point of view of Jaspers own existence, as presented in his Philosophy, including commentary based on new translations by Vaclav Nemec Closing part deals with existential communication and holistic transition from possible to new horizons of transcendence. My interpretation of chosen excerpts comes mostly from "Psychologie der Weltanschauungen." Quotations appear in my own translation.
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The Higher Man in F. Nietzsche's Philosophy
Jánošová, Simona ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to define the character of higher man, the conditions and the process of his development and also his relationship with the lower man and his significance in the whole of Nietzsche's philosophy. I present an interpretation which envisions the main character traits of the higher man in his strength, will, creativity, relation to suffering and need of overcoming resistance. The thesis presents the process of becoming a higher man (so called flourishing) as a process of self-creation in the sense of forming himself in harmony with his own substance and realization of his dormant potential. Manifestation of already flourished higher man consists of self-expression and a constant attempt to overcome oneself which allows the higher man to increase his will to power. The thesis interprets the importance of the higher man in Nietzsche's philosophy as a critical element of balance in society and the development of that society toward greatness. In the conclusion, the thesis sees Nietzsche's philosophy as primarily pro-human and striving for realization of its authenticity, where the higher man is the only authentic human. Keywords: higher man, greatness, lower man, flourishing, self-creation, morality
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Gift of Life. In Response to Derrida's Gift of Death.
Badurová, Tatiana ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Petkanič, Milan (referee)
The presented philosophical-anthropological interpretation seeks to examine the issue of existential transformation and its understanding in the works of selected authors, in particular Jacques Derrida, Jan Patočka and Søren Kierkegaard. It builds upon a specific interpretation of philosophy as a source of normative images that determine the ways of man's self- understanding. From the perspective of philosophical anthropology, "being human" is the result of man's being interested in his own being. Thus it definitely cannot be considered an innate quality. Man's "humanness" is conditioned by his strive to live a truthful life. Hence, the focus of the interpretation is on the relation between the tradition and the individual sense- making as well as on the motives of death and mortality, constitution of individuality, responsability, interiority, faith and transformation.
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"Hegelian movement" in Czechoslovakian philosophy in the nineteen-sixties. Probe into the Czechoslovakian marxist philosophy on the motif of work.
Hanovská, Lenka ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee) ; Marek, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the Czechoslovakian philosophy in the nineteen-sixties. It focuses not only to its historical description but intends to enter its philosophical thinking from inside and analyse its principal categories. Especially it focuses on the category of work and examines its various formulations, developed in different theoretical perspectives of Czechoslovakian philosophers. This allows distinguish these perspectives in their similarities on one hand and differences on the other. The thesis notably focuses on so called "Hegelian movement" and its evaluation of category of work. This movement, which is in fact the Czechoslovakian variation to the philosophy of praxis, formulates the category of work in its philosophical meaning, i. e. as an ontological category decisive for an origin of the reality and human being. It was originally Hegel, who developed this meaning of category, and Czechoslovakian Hegelian movement continued in developing his ontology adopted through Marx. The Czech philosophers enriched it with aspects of socialistic humanism. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part explains historical conditions of philosophical scientific performance in Czechoslovakia. The second interprets the texts of Czechoslovakian Hegelian philosophers and their expositions of category...
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Kierkegaard and Ecclesiastes: The Relationship between Knowledge and Grief
Janoušková, Anna ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Kružík, Josef (referee)
The presented philosophical-anthropological interpretation seeks to examine the phenomenon of "the image of humanity" (the becoming of Self) and consequently to study the human condition defined as "man longing for knowledge", all from a Christian perspective. After a thorough overview of the development of the Skeptical tradition in the history of philosophy, the two subjects of study will be interpreted, phenomenologically and exegetically, based on various texts from the Danish existencialist Søren Kierkegaard and the Old Testament book Ecclesiastes. The following comparison will enable us to see the parallel between knowledge and doubt in both of the authors' works. We shall come to a conclusion that there is an exponential relationship between knowledge and doubt: the more knowledge there is, the more doubt arises. During this interpretation, the aim will also be to trace the origin of doubt, while using the story of creation from the book of Genesis as the foundation for our study. Doubt, as we shall notice, entered the world accompanied by sin (in the form of consciousness) after Adam and Eve ate from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. This moment was crucial, for man committed a qualitative leap from innocence to the state of sin. Therefore, man is situated in between two extremes...
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Human being and a movement: Status of the movements of human existence in the thinking of Jan Patočka
Nováková, Alžběta ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Pětová, Marie (referee)
The work is focused on the evolution of Patočka's conception of movements of the human existence throughout his thoughts. My aim is to show sources of this conception, its explicite expressions and their structure and finally the meaning of this conception for the human life and its status in Patočka's whole-life philosophical project, all this by the analysis of three metodologically defined periods of Patočka's work. The inevitable past of this kind of rethinking of Patočka's conception is dealing with the question of succesion of his two great teachers, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger,and showing, that his conception of movements of the human existence can't be explained simply from the polarity of uncritical bulilding on them, neither the complete refusing them. Also I would like to show the conceptional kinship with other thinkers of western philosophical tradition, whose selection is selective, but in my opinion meaningful. I also hope, that this rethinking of the conception of movements of the human existance will show the place, which belongs to Patočka's thougt in the western philosophical tradition and, first of all, it's meaning for human life. Key words Phenomenology, movement, existence, philosophy of history, authenticity
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