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Juniper pastures in the Wallachia area and predictors of their preservation
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Common juniper (Juniperus communis), as a species of predominantly open habitats, used to be part of semi-natural grassland communities, such a pastures. In the area of Moravian Wallachia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) this type of grassland is known as juniper pasture, however as in the whole of Europe, it is a type of habitat that is disappearing rapidly from the landscape, among other reasons due to the absence of juveniles in the population. A total of 20 potentially preserved juniper pastures were identified within nine cadastral areas in the Moravian Wallachia (Beskydy Protected Landscape Area) and visited during the vegetation period. The total number of J. communis individuals was recorded, including their dendrometric (crown height and radius) and descriptive characteristics (sex, vitality, developmental stage, sociability, form). Characteristics of vegetation cover and type of site management were also recorded to define the main factors influencing the vitality and proportion of juvenile individuals in the population of J. communis. Field research was supplemented by analyses of orthophotos and topographical data processed in a GIS environment. In total 2,896 juniper were recorded at 20 locations, while the population of J. communis in the area of interest can be characterized by...
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Conflict prevention and de-escalation in pediatric nursing
Prosová, Iveta ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
Background: This paper focuses on conflict prevention and de-escalation in pediatric nursing. Aims: The theoretical aim of this thesis is to review relevant information on conflict prevention and de-escalation in paediatric nursing from the available Czech and international literature. The obtained knowledge is to be sorted, critically assessed and evaluated. The empirical aim of this thesis is to carry out quantitative research using a non-standardized questionnaire distributed distributed to nurses working in paediatric inpatient wards of Motol University Hospital, to statistically process and evaluate the obtained data and to formulate conclusions and recommendations on conflict prevention and de-escalation for practice based on the results of the questionnaire survey. Methodology: The research was conducted in the form of a non-standardized anonymous questionnaire of our own design, distributed to paediatric, general and practical nurses working in the paediatric wards at Motol Hospital. 144 correctly completed questionnaires are included in the final study. Results: The research survey revealed that although 72% of nurses consider education on conflict prevention and de-escalation important, only 21% of nurses have received such education in the last 5 years. Of the 68% of nurses who report...
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Fire as an alternative way of the landscape management
Maximov, Fedor ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Adámek, Martin (referee)
Prescribed burning is a method that has been used since prehistoric times to keep unforested areas. In pastures, fire was used to remove dead biomass, return nutrients to the soil and improve forage quality, as well as to convert forests fields to a shifting agriculture. The abandonment of burning in the last century has led to an accumulation of plant biomass in the landscape. This, combined with global warming, is now creating the threat of dangerous fires. In 2022, controlled burning was allowed in the Czech Republic as a way of managing habitats that are at risk of becoming woodland without proper management. Rare heliophilous plant and animal species are tied to them. It would therefore be advisable to reintroduce this management method, together with monitoring and control of its effects on species and communities. The aim of this backelor thesis is to summarise the existing knowledge about prescribed burning in Europe. It also describes how controlled burning affects the dynamics of dry grasslands and heathlands. The main focus is on attributes of controlled burning that can be used to maintain selected habitats. Keywords: fire, vegetation, landscape management, succession
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Treatment of central venous catheters and the occurence of complications in pediatric patients hospitalised at hematoooncology
Homolková, Kateřina ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Průšová, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Management of central venous catheters and their complications in pediatric patients hospitalized in hematology-oncology departments" deals with the care of CVC and their complications in pediatric hematology-oncology in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis was primarily to map the knowledge about the management of CVC among pediatric and general nurses working in pediatric hematology-oncology departments and to compare different management methods. The theoretical part consists of four chapters focusing on the venous system, general information about CVC, management of CVC, and complications that may occur. The empirical part presents the data collection method, implementation of the study, overview of the results and recommendations for practice. The research method used was a questionnaire of own construction, focusing on the management of CVC. The questionnaire was distributed to nurses working in pediatric hematology-oncology departments. Results: For statistical evaluation, 4 hypotheses related to: Length of practice, education level, type of workplace, and completion of training on CVC management were chosen. The results of the research demonstrate good knowledge among respondents in the area of managing CVC. The only shortcomings are the low presence of specialized workers...
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In vitro fertilization in horses
Müller, Filip ; Šušor, Andrej (advisor) ; Šimoník, Ondřej (referee)
Reproductive management in horse breeding increasingly relies on in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques. This technology entails a complex process, including the acquisition of immature oocytes, their in vitro maturation, fertilization with sperm, and subsequent cultivation of the early embryo before transfer into a synchronized recipient. However, the success of equine IVF is influenced by various factors such as oocyte quality, sperm capacitation, and technical issues unique to this process, compared to other mammalian models. This bachelor's thesis aims to summarize and evaluate current knowledge on IVF of horse eggs, identify key factors influencing success, and describe current procedures for gamete preparation. By incorporating the latest IVF approaches and optimizing them, a higher success rate can be achieved. Key aspects for improving equine IVF include gamete collection and handling, in vitro oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, and subsequent embryonic development.
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Zoochorous dispersal of vascular plants in the context of rewilding - study in the Milovice grazing reserve
Mádrová, Terezie ; Lepková, Barbora (advisor) ; Janíková, Eva (referee)
Seed dispersal is one of the most important mechanisms of plant population dynamics. One type of such dispersal is zoochory, i.e. the dispersal of seeds by animals, which is divided into two types - epizoochory (dispersal of seeds on the animal's body) and endozoochory (dispersal of seeds in the animal's digestive tract). For endozoochory in particular, the essential dispersers are large herbivores, which are one of the important elements defining the character and structure of vegetation and many species of which have disappeared from the European landscape as a result of human activity. Conservation management that uses the reintroduction of animal species to care for sites, is called rewilding. The non-profit organization Česká krajina deals with the reintroduction of large herbivores in our environment and established a reserve with horses (Equus ferus), European bison (Bison bonasus) and aurochs (Bos primigenus) in the former military area Milovice. My aim was to determine how these animals contribute to a local vegetation dynamics through zoochoric seed dispersal. I studied epizoochory using a germination experiment with the soil samples from under the so-called rubbing trees (by Heineken et al. 2006) from the spring of 2021. A total of 27 seedlings germinated from 120 soil samples, 85 % of...
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Strategies of human schistosomiasis control
Kusá, Kateřina ; Mikeš, Libor (advisor) ; Bartoníček, Zikmund (referee)
Identifying effective strategies to control human schistosomiasis is a key goal of scientific and public health efforts and it is of a high public interest. This bachelor thesis focuses on evaluating different strategies for controlling this disease, with emphasis on the context of specific settings. The thesis combines an analysis of epidemiological data and a literature search of scientific studies to identify optimal approaches. The research emphasizes the importance of prevention, treatment and control of infection, and proposes an integrated approach involving a wide range of interventions such as sanitation, anthelmintic treatment, water infrastructure improvements and educational programs. The results of the study provide a comprehensive review of effective strategies for controlling human schistosomiasis with respect to specific contexts and contribute to the debate on the optimal use of resources in public health.
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Mělník Sokol in the milestones of Bohemia's history in the first half of the 20th century
Zmek, Vojtěch ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Fapšo, Marek (referee)
The diploma thesis presents the history of the first half of the 20th century through the development and activities of the Sokol Mělník Physical Education Unit. The thesis will trace and analyse how the key milestones of the last years of the monarchy, the war period, and the emergence of Czechoslovak state were reflected in the organisation and activities of the Sokol, and what influence this association had on the wider region of Mělník, along with other "competing" organisations (Orel, DTJ, S.K. Mělník), and in relation to its national importance. The thesis attempts to capture not only the everyday life of the Sokol with a focus on its practical functioning including property management and association activities, but also exceptional moments such as festivals (preparation for the All-Sokol festival) as well as other social events. Great emphasis is placed on the role of the Sokol as an important state-forming institution and the shifts of this position in connection with the changes in the situation in society. The period under review ends with the last stage of interwar Czechoslovakia, when the republic became a protectorate, representing a violent interruption of the promising activities of the Sokol. Keywords Sokol, Mělník, regional history, Physical Education, Czechoslovakia, 20th...
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Judicial review of the decision of the general meeting of a business corporation
Strachoň, Josef ; Holčapek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Sedláček, Miroslav (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of judicial review of the decision of the general meeting of a commercial corporation. It pays attention to the general meeting of a business corporation, its importance for the management of a business corporation, the decision of the general meeting of a business corporation, the protest against the decision of the general meeting as the basic premise of the judicial review of the decision of the general meeting. It also defines general grounds on the nature of the proceedings and the judicial review of the general meeting's decision in uncontested proceedings, as well as the issues related to the initiation of the proceedings and procedural conditions and the status of the parties. It examines the involvement of the public prosecutor, the conduct of the proceedings and the evidence. Separately, it defines the scope of the review of defects of the decision of the general meeting in the registry proceedings, where it focuses on the formal and substantive review in the registry proceedings in relation to defects of the decision of the general meeting. One of the objectives of this thesis was, besides the effort to provide a comprehensive treatment of the topic, also an effort to analyse specific principles and institutes of this form of civil proceedings,...
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Avian communities of overgrown wetlands near fishponds in the Třeboň basin
Tuháček, Filip ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Voříšek, Petr (referee)
Wetlands are one of the most unique and threatened biotopes on earth. Encroachment, mainly due to the cessation of traditional management leads to the appearance and spread of shrubs (mostly willows, Salix spp.). ey eventually change the appearance of the wetlands into forest- like habitats. is diploma thesis describes avian communities of overgrown wetlands and compares them with those of non-overgrown wetlands, i.e., reedbeds and low vegetation (mainly sedges, Carex spp.). Although the overgrown wetlands did not have the lowest species and population densities, in comparison with non-overgrown wetlands, the densities of wetland specialists and endangered species, such as Savi's Warbler (Locustella luscinioides), Bluethroat (Luscinia sve- cica), and Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus) were lowest in the willow-dominated wetland compared to non-overgrown. Due to the overgrowth of the wetland, the avian communities are more wo- odland and common bird species, such as Common Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita), Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), and Great Tit (Parus major). We also wanted to investigate and compare the invertebrate biomass in overgrown and non-overgrown wetlands. We wanted to find out how avian communities depend on the food resources in wetlands around the South Bohemian fish ponds....
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