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Adaptations of the Biblical Myth of Creation in the Treatises of the Corpus Hermeticum and in Philo of Alexandria and their Mutual Comparison
Čapek, Martin ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
AbstraAbstraAbstraAbstractctctct: This thesis deals with the adaptations of the biblical cosmogony, as portrayed in the fist two chapters of Genesi, in the hermetic treatises Corpus hermeticum I (=Poimandres), Corpus hermeticum III (= The Sacred Discourse) and in the work De opificio mundi ("On the Creation of the World") by the jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria. All the three authors share the same common ground, which are the Bible in it's greek translation (Septuagint) and the contemporary greek philosophy, mainly the stoicism and the (middle)platonism. Although all of them strive to create some type of universalistic philosophycal-religious system, each of them reaches his goal by different means. The hermetists pick out of the biblical texts only those elements, which appear to them to be the most abstract and universal and they do not hesitate to add to them many of their own ideas, and to alter the text to make it look more scientific and philosophical than the original biblical myth. Philo also tries to create certain universalistic system, but proceeds in the opposite way. He tries to fill all the specificaly jewish elements, which hermetists ignore, with a new universal philosophical meaning. Apart from this, the comparison allows us to trace various differences between the teachings of our...
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Mesoamerican religion from the perspective of conquistadors
Fajkus, Jaromír ; Kostičová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
Mesoamerican religion from the perspective of conquistadors (Human sacrifice as observed by Spanish conquerors in contrast with contemporary reflection) Annotation The thesis describes human sacrifice in one of the most important ethnic groups in Mesoamerica - the Aztecs - and deals with the overwhelming influence of the ritual that has been performed on a large scale. The two primary contexts, in which the human sacrifice is interpreted, are the political context and the dietary one, more specifically the ritual cannibalism. While the thesis exploits the scientific research of Mesoamerica from the 20th century onwards, the emphasis is put on the textual evidence from the Spanish conquerors, which is used to either prove or disprove the aforementioned research and as the main source of description of the discussed phenomena. The goal of the thesis was to demonstrate the plurality of approach to human sacrifice, the questionable findings of certain research and the complexity of thought that the human sacrifice is based upon.
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New Islamic Preachers in Egypt
Červinková, Jitka ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Beránek, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis aimed to explore new forms of Islamic preaching in Egypt and its influence on growing role of religion in modern everyday human's life. Together with the era of mass media new forms of propagation of faith and religiosity appear along with new Islamic preachers. These preachers might be characterized by western style and mainly by new tools they are using (satellite T.V. and internet), and that's why they are often being called "Islamic televangelists". This thesis tried to put Islamic preacher in historical context, to explain complicated role of preacher in Islam and concentrated about new version of Islamic preaching. It turned out that religious authority moved out from traditional structures and that the criteria based on which young people ascribe authority to the preacher totally changed. Together with new preachers women preachers started to appear, they want to form the religious scene as well. And it seems like that the new forms of Islamic preaching are much more flexible and adaptable to the needs of modern Egyptian life.
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St. Augustine's conversions
Dobrodenková, Monika ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
The primary focus of this dissertation is on plural of St. Augustine's conversion. It deal with his intellectual conversion to Platonism and Neoplatonism, his conversion of the will and his conversion to Christianity. The dissertation seek to explore the topic of St. Augustine's conversions in philosophical and psychological perspective.
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Mystic ascent in the Ma'aseh merkavah text
Bönischová, Helena ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Holubová, Markéta (referee)
Mystický výstup v textu Ma'ase merkava - anotace Tato práce se zabývá pozdně starověkým židovským mystickým textem Ma'ase merkava. Zaměřuje se na tu část textu, která se zabývá mystickým výstupem sedmi nebeskými paláci. V úvodní kapitole se snažím zasadit text Ma'ase merkava do širšího kontextu hejchalotické literatury. Druhá kapitola shrnuje dosavadní bádání týkající se textu Ma'ase merkava. Popisuji zde různé rukopisné verze a dosavadní vydání textu. Dále uvádím a hodnotím odborné práce, věnující se tomuto textu. Třetí kapitola představuje vlastní překlad části textu zabývající se mystickým výstupem podle hebrejského originálu ve zvolené rukopisné verzi (Oxford 1531). Jádro práce představuje čtvrtá kapitola, kde text analyzuji. První část analýzy je věnována funkci a charakteru textu. Uvádím názory různých badatelů na funkci textu a zdůvodňuji svůj názor, že se původně jednalo o krátké záznamy z mystických cest. Poté, co byly tyto krátké záznamy sestaveny do většího textového celku, nabyl text sekundárně také charakter instruktážní příručky. Ve druhé části analýzy zkoumám jednotlivé prvky textu, jako je popis sedmi paláců a sedmi nebes, popis Božích vlastností, Boží jména nebo tzv. nesmyslná slova v textu. Závěr pak představuje krátké shrnutí a zhodnocení práce. Mystic Ascent in the Ma'ase Merkava text -...
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Maimonides: eternal vs. created universe
Kopecká, Pavlína ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
In this thesis are analyzed Maimonides's two approaches to the question about the origin of the world, appearing in his famous philosophical \vork The guide of the perplexed. Maimonides provides arguments for the theory of eternal universe and for creatio ex nihilo, without adopting a clear position in this subject. The aim of this thesis is to answer the question, which theory of the origin of the world Maimonides asserts, and why he retains both the idea of creation and eternity. It turns out that both positions, although not evident and unprovable, can lead to accurate conclusions in faith and philosophy. A possible answer to the question, which theory of the origin of the world Maimonides actually stands, it may be the argument that Maimonides holds both positions, because there is no contradiction for him.
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Religious phenomena in Melville's Moby-Dick
Karľa, Michal ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
Moby Dick is a work strikingly rich in terms of religous symbolism and references (especially ;>OltoW:;aI. but not only) both on the formal (selection of metaphors and parables) and narrative (characters' names, composition of particular episodes upon the biblical pattern) level. This fact is startling and the way in which author uses these phenomena is not simply to thesis aims to unriddle the sense of these "religious phenomena". First two introduction to the and character together with thorough analysis of the religious phenomena. Two chapters
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Teresa of Jesus: Interior Castle
Kutarňová, Kateřina ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
Teresa of Jesus: Interior Castle Kateřina Kutarňová Diploma thesis Abstract This thesis seeks to understand the most important text of Teresa of Jesus -'Interior Castle' which is considered one of the most important books of Spanish mysticism. This understanding should be achieved by using both theological and phenomenologico- hermenutical commentaries. The main topics of this thesis are religious and mystical experience, mystical transformation and intersubjectivity. Motivated by the possibility of gaining the understanding of the text as a whole, I firstly try to present the meaning of particular chapters. The Interior Castle leads from incorrect/false understanding (of one's self, reality and God) to the right or true one. This true understanding is made possible by reaching the mystical marriage between God and man based on full and conscious living of their mutual, intersubjective relationship. The reaching of mystical intersubjectivity provides the possibility of transgressing from knowing the reality as it appears to be to knowing the reality as it is. Keywords Teresa of Jesus; Teresa of Avila; Interior Castle; Christianity; Religious Experience; Mystical Experience; Mysticism; Mystical Transformation; Intersubjectivity; Frohlich Mary; Lonergan Bernard; Ahlgren Gillian; Steinbock Anthony
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Jesus in the Koran; with Regards to Islamic As Well As Christian Traditions and the Person of Virgin Mary
Hemala, Jan ; Jandejsek, Petr (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
Different perception of the person of Jesus Christ remains to be among the most frequent and challenging questions of the dialogue between Christianity and Islam. Intention of this work is therefore to introduce at least basic elements of qur'ānic christology, i. e. the peculiar "word" of the Qur'ān about identity and mission of Jesus. It follows the fascinating process by which one religious tradition or culture adopted and assimilated the towering figure of another tradition and embraced it in its own conceptions of history of prophecy and of revelation from God. It further compares controversial attitudes of the Qur'ān (and let us say of Islam generally), such as refutation of Christian dogmas of the divinity of Jesus or the Holy Trinity, with creeds and statements of Christian christology; it devotes special attention to the person and story of Virgin Mary either. Within its explanation the work attempts to search out eventual origins or sources of the specific Islamic appreciation of Jesus, especially in Christian, canonical or apocryphal traditions. To emphasize the significance which is attributed to the mission of Jesus by Islamic orthodoxy and ordinary believers the essay refers also to the perspectives and narrations of later Islamic tradition which embellishes and elaborates qur'ānic indications...
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