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The absolute I and the conception of knowledge in the philosophy of J. G. Fichte
Kollert, Lukáš ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Landa, Ivan (referee)
This bachelor thesis outlines basic features of object-consciousness and tries to show that it must be grounded in a "consciousness" of another type, which doesn't have the structure (non-identity of subject and object) characteristic for the consciousness of an object. The pre- reflective relation of the self to itself or immediate "consciousness" of the self is identified as a basis enabling self-(re)cognition in reflexion. The next step puts forward one of reasons to ascribe this relation of the self to itself to the self-positing absolute I (here the absence of subject-object difference is typical). The fourth chapter addresses questions concerning the possibility to explain the object-consciousness and the presence of manifold in the I from the standpoint of unlimited and self-identical absolute I. It further distinguishes several forms of realism and idealism rejected by Fichte himself and follows the course leading to Fichte's own position, i. e. real-idealism or ideal-realism. Finally, the text discusses in detail the concept of "check" (Anstoß), which is understood as one of the key concepts of the early science of knowledge. Key words: Fichte, science of knowledge, self-consciousnes, object-consciousness, absolute I, check, idealism, realism, sensation, reflection
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The State and Religion in Hegel's Philosophy of Right
Navrátilová, Olga ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Landa, Ivan (referee) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee)
The aim of this dissertation, The State and Religion in Hegel's Philosophy of Right, is to explore the issue of the modern secular state and its relation to religion in the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel. Before turning attention to this thinker two other concepts of the relationship between the state and religion, the one of Thomas Hobbes and the one of John Locke, will be introduced briefly. These two predecessors of Hegel in the modern political thought both share the same empirical presumptions; they nevertheless come to wholly different conclusions concerning the possibility of religious tolerance and the relationship of the state and the church. Hegel's political philosophy represents an alternative point of view on the nature of the secular state and its relation to religion to both of these exponents of the social contract theory of state. The question of the relationship between the state and religion, which will the focus in the main part of this work, will be discussed with regard to Hegel's concept of freedom. It is this very concept, which makes it possible to show both the mutual interconnection as well as the necessity of the differentiation between these two manifestations of the spirit, i.e. religion and the state, and to explain the tension, which remains present between them. This tension,...
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The State and Religion in Hegel's Philosophy of Right
Navrátilová, Olga ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Landa, Ivan (referee) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee)
The aim of this dissertation, The State and Religion in Hegel's Philosophy of Right, is to explore the issue of the modern secular state and its relation to religion in the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel. Before turning attention to this thinker two other concepts of the relationship between the state and religion, the one of Thomas Hobbes and the one of John Locke, will be introduced briefly. These two predecessors of Hegel in the modern political thought both share the same empirical presumptions; they nevertheless come to wholly different conclusions concerning the possibility of religious tolerance and the relationship of the state and the church. Hegel's political philosophy represents an alternative point of view on the nature of the secular state and its relation to religion to both of these exponents of the social contract theory of state. The question of the relationship between the state and religion, which will the focus in the main part of this work, will be discussed with regard to Hegel's concept of freedom. It is this very concept, which makes it possible to show both the mutual interconnection as well as the necessity of the differentiation between these two manifestations of the spirit, i.e. religion and the state, and to explain the tension, which remains present between them. This tension,...
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Language and reality in theological discourse. Theological ways of speaking in reaching and missing reality. A contribution to theological apologetics.
Moskala, Pavel ; Macek, Petr (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee) ; Landa, Ivan (referee)
Práce -_název - se snaží nově pojmenovat způsob, jakým teologická řeč otevírá teologickou skutečnost. Novověký objektivistcko-deskriptivní přístup ke skutečnosti vytlačil teologický jazyk na okraj coby deficientní zobrazování skutečnosti, které se nemůže vykázat empirickou daností. S využitím impulzů postanalytické filosofie se snaží ukázat, v čem je tento přístup ke skutečnosti omezený a zavádějící a současně navrhnout cesty, jak opustit představu jazyka jako reprezentace a jak překonat novověký příkop mezi subjektem a objektem. Na tomto půdorysu pak usiluje o formulaci jiného pojetí skutečnosti, poznávání a pravdivosti, které by neobvyklé tázání teologické perspektivy zohledňovalo. Specifické porozumění skutečnosti si vyžaduje i specifické užívání řeči, práce proto rovněž sleduje metaforický, ironický a negativní rozměr řeči jako způsob, jak běžnými prostředky sdělit nesdělitelné.
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The absolute I and the conception of knowledge in the philosophy of J. G. Fichte
Kollert, Lukáš ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Landa, Ivan (referee)
This bachelor thesis outlines basic features of object-consciousness and tries to show that it must be grounded in a "consciousness" of another type, which doesn't have the structure (non-identity of subject and object) characteristic for the consciousness of an object. The pre- reflective relation of the self to itself or immediate "consciousness" of the self is identified as a basis enabling self-(re)cognition in reflexion. The next step puts forward one of reasons to ascribe this relation of the self to itself to the self-positing absolute I (here the absence of subject-object difference is typical). The fourth chapter addresses questions concerning the possibility to explain the object-consciousness and the presence of manifold in the I from the standpoint of unlimited and self-identical absolute I. It further distinguishes several forms of realism and idealism rejected by Fichte himself and follows the course leading to Fichte's own position, i. e. real-idealism or ideal-realism. Finally, the text discusses in detail the concept of "check" (Anstoß), which is understood as one of the key concepts of the early science of knowledge. Key words: Fichte, science of knowledge, self-consciousnes, object-consciousness, absolute I, check, idealism, realism, sensation, reflection
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