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Utilization of the Us versus Them Dichotomy in 2020 Campaign Speeches of Joe Biden and Donald Trump
Pýcha, Jaroslav ; Pípalová, Renata (advisor) ; Lancová, Klára (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the camping speeches of the two major candidates running for President of the Unites States in the 2020 general election and to inspect the ways in which both the candidates utilize the Us versus Them dichotomy. In doing so, the thesis provides a critique of the texts produced by the candidates and seeks to unveil their ideological motivation. As categorizing entities has a profound effect on the audience and their perception of reality, the goal is not only to unveil what entities the candidates discuss, but also to determine how they classify these entities. In addition, the strategies used by both the candidates to achieve entity evaluation are compared in order to contrast their rhetorical styles. The theoretical part of the thesis overviews concepts related to the construction of group identities and other ways of reproducing ideology in discourse. Furthermore, Hasan's approach to text analysis, which is employed in the analytical part, is introduced. A brief biography of both the candidates and a description of the US presidential election system are included as well. The analytical part is composed of Critical Discourse Analyses of selected topical segments from campaign speeches of Donald Trump and Joe Biden. Special focus is dedicated to the strategies the...
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Representation of Social Actors in New Year Speeches of British Prime Ministers
Hromuško, Radek ; Pípalová, Renata (advisor) ; Lancová, Klára (referee)
1 ABSTRACT This diploma thesis, grounded in the theoretical framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, aims to analyse the textual representations of social actors in the New Year speeches of British Prime Ministers. The corpus consists of New Year speeches from the New Year of 2012 to the New Year of 2020. These textual encodings do not need to point directly to the social actors that actually exist in the social world. Instead, they tend to reveal certain ideas that the text-producers have about the social actors. Therefore, the way in which the text-producer portrays a social actor serves as a means of reproducing his or her ideology. In the theoretical part, the purpose of the thesis is considered from the position of Critical Discourse Analysis. Then, the ways of representing social actors in texts are explored together with their impact on ideology and its reproduction. Also, the characteristics of pronouns that can affect the portrayal of these actors are described. The practical part seeks to analyse the New Year speeches with respect to textual means of representing social actors. In doing so, it provides an explanatory critique which aims to reveal what ideas are encoded in textual representations, how they are communicated and how the portrayal of the social actors can affect the recipients. A...
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Selected differences in Czech and English syntactic ambiguity
Rajchartová, Sofie ; Lancová, Klára (advisor) ; Ženíšek, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with selected types of English and Czech syntactic ambiguities. The main aim of this thesis is to compare examples of ambiguous structures in both languages and verify the occurrence of these types of ambiguities in either or both said languages. These examples are taken from two English young-adult novels, their respective film adaptations and the Czech translations. The thesis poses research questions regarding the overall frequency of ambiguous expressions, genre-dependency, the correspondence of translations and centres around the hypothesis that the selected types of ambiguities tend to appear more frequently in English than in Czech. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on the definition of meaning, context, ambiguity and the aforementioned types of syntactic ambiguities. The analytical part describes the research and provides an analysis of the differences, in order to verify the hypotheses of this thesis. KEYWORDS ambiguity, meaning, syntax, comparison, analytical language, synthetic language
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A Congregation of Jackals: The Translation and Stylistic Analysis of Two Chapters of the Novel
Varga, Jan ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Lancová, Klára (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the translation of selected parts of a novel from English language into Czech Language. Three chapters from the novel A Congregation of Jackals, written by American author Steven Craig Zahler, were selected deliberately for the purpose of the translation with an eye on their artistic and linguistic properties. The first chapter was chosen from the very beginning of the novel, the other ones come from its first half. The practical part of the thesis consists of the translation itself. This is previewed by a brief introductory chapter that takes a cursory glance at the basic principles of translation theory. The analytical part examines the theoretical grounding of the translating process and identifies some specific issues which were encountered during the translation. In doing so, it seeks to substantiate the practical solutions in the practical part with the reference to theoretical sources that had been consulted either prior to or throughout the translation process.
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