|
|
Kazakhstan: Mortality in European context (comparison with selected European countries and nationalities)
Petkov, Michal ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Kazakhstan: Mortality in European context (comparison with selected European countries and nationalities) Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to anylized mortality rates in Kazakhstan and compared it with selected European countries. In the begining of the thesis is brief outline of history and development of ethnic composition in this Central Asian Republic. Another section contains a comparison of the economic and social conditions in Kazakhstan with two selected European countries - the Czech Republic and Sweden. The thesis continues with comparison and development of the most important mortality indicators in the three above mentioned countries. One of the used criteria summarizes findings from the comparison of mortality backgrounds of three selected European minorities living in Kazakhstan (Germans, Russians and Ukrainians) with their country of origin. This comparison shows a big difference for German nationality, for Russians and Ukrainians the differences are minimal. The concept of avoidable mortality was also used for comparison mortality conditions in selected countries. The results show a low level of health care system in Kazakhstan. The analysis shows a clear gap in Kazakhstan levels of mortality in comparison with selected European countries and nations. Keywords: Kazakhstan, The...
|
|
|
Tuberculosis - re-established problem of European population
Marková, Jitka ; Bartoňová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Tuberculosis - re-established problem of European population Abstract The main objective of this study is to collect data and to provide information about current tuberculosis burden on European population and to capture the most important trends in development of spreading the infection in the European region in the period 1995-2010. A typology of the countries of the European region is performed on the base of main features of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the period 2008-2010. Detailed analysis of level of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality for each region was based on available data. The study also presents the plans of major world and European organizations to eliminate spread of tuberculosis.
|
|
|
The number and the age structure of physicians in the Czech health system
Dostálová, Eva ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
This study deals with the development of the number and the age and sex structure of Czech physicians according their medical specialty in the period 2000-2010. The aim of the study is to identify which medical specialties are already problematic or could face the lack of physicians and demographic ageing in the future and on the other hand which medical specialties are popular among young physicians. Firstly, the Czech health system and particular groups of health workforce are introduced. After that follows the analysis of the number and the sex and age structure according their medical specialty. The cluster analysis which produces groups of medical specialties with similar characteristics of development of the number and the structure was used for schematic overview. The second part of the study is focused on the most numerous fourteen medical specialties. The number of medical school graduates, the number of attestations and the development of workload of physicians regarding the number of ambulant treatment and hospitalization is taken into account.
|
|
|
Effect of colorectal cancer screening programs on lethality and incidence from this disease in the Czech Republic modeled by an APC approach
Čady, Ondřej ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
This work will first introduce the problems related to the colorectal cancer - its epidemiology and screening possibilities. Next the main topic is addressed - i.e. to ascertain the influence of national screening programmes for colorectal cancer on really observed data of lethality and incidence of this disease. Group of so-called APC models was selected as a useful tool for this purpose. Applying these methods on data of The National Oncological Registry of the Czech Republic for the period between 1980 till 2009 this work aims to prove expected reducing effect of area-wide screening programme on incidence and lethality related to colorectal cancer. Using the AP model and data of previous period before the screening introduction (i.e. 1980-1999) the values of incidence and lethality were predicted for the period in question (i.e. 2000-2009). Mere comparison of this predicted values with really observed data showed that real lethality and incidence was significantly lower in both sexes as compared to the model without the screening intervention. Difference between predicted and real data corroborates positive influence of colorectal cancer screening.
|
|
|
Selected theoretical and analytical approaches of demography to mortality at the highest age groups: illustration on selected countries
Kašpar, Dan ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Since the beginning of the 20th century the life expectancy, particularly in developed countries has risen at an unprecedented rate in human history. Demographers face the question whether the increase in life expectancy is caused by decreasing mortality at younger age-groups or whether it is also associated with the extension of human longevity. The objective of this work is to introduce theoretical and analytical approaches to mortality at the highest age-groups focused on cohort approach. The theoretical part of the study presents hypotheses that attempt to support the existence of the limit of human life. Groups of thoughts of authors in accordance with the limit of life expectancy they expect are introduced. In the text, there is followed also the discussion of selected authors dealing with methods used for estimation of the trend and potential limit of the life expectancy. For France, Sweden and the Czech Republic the cohort analysis of mortality for ages 80-105 and higher in generations 1866-1896 is analyzed. Results show reduced mortality at the highest age-groups in France and Sweden and its stagnation for the Czech women and rising for the Czech men.
|
|
|
Reproductive behavior and its patterns in the South Kazakhstan Region
Baigarayeva, Aida ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Reproductive behavior and its pattern in the South Kazakhstan region Abstract This study is focused on reproductive behavior issues in the South Kazakhstan region over the period from 1999 to 2010. The main objective is to contribute to the scientific cognition of reproductive attitudes, intentions and its realization among South Kazakhstani couples. The analysis is based on data collected for couples in the survey "Reproductive behavior of a family of Kazakhstan" held in the year 2007. In addition to that, trends in population development and impact of recent socio-economic changes on reproductive behavior in the selected region are studied. Differences in age, sex, ethnicity, place of residence as well as religious affiliation, educational attainment and respondents' incomes are considered in data analysis. The results of fertility decomposition method showed, that recent increase in fertility was predominantly caused by the factor of age-specific fertility rate. Factors of urban-rural difference and birth order were not significant. With regard to reproductive attitudes, intentions and its realization it was found that reproductive preferences among South Kazakhstani couples were devoted to a large family, while their reproductive intentions were focused on two-three children at most. Keywords:...
|
|
|
Fertility factors - district of Most in 2000 - 2010 period
Pečený, Michal ; Kraus, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
1990 - 2008 Fertility factors in the disctrict of Most in 2000-2010 period Abstract The objective of this study was to find causes of regional fertility differences and context with social and economic indicators. Then to find situation of district of Most in regional comparison and social and economic causes of fertility developement in this district in 2000-2010 period. In first descriptive part there was made the comparative analysis of age structure and fertility indicators in Czech republic, Ústí region and district of Most. The result is different values of the fertility indicators (intensity and timing) and also younger age structure. In the second part were found social and economic factors of regional fertility differences and factors in district of Most with multivariate statistical methods. The cluster analysis confirmed the differences of district of Most and border of North Bohemia too. For use factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis the conclusion was the important factor of regional differences is especially education, but also availability and quality of housing, economic level. Less importace of religion. In the district of Most are important factors of education and indicators of economic level. Key words: fertility factors, regional fertility differences, district of Most,...
|
|
|
Regional development of smoking-related mortality in the Czech Republic in 1994-2009
Čejková, Markéta ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Regional development of smoking-related mortality in the Czech Republic in 1994-2009 Abstract This work deals with the development of mortality from smoking-related diseases in the Czech Republic and regions of the Czech Republic in 1994-2009. Analytical part assesses the development of mortality on selected groups of diagnoses or individual causes of death associated with smoking in the Czech Republic. For the regional analysis, six specific diagnoses with the largest share of the total intensity of mortality in the Czech Republic are chosen. The author concludes that the intensity of mortality from all diseases related to smoking decreased among both sexes in all regions, mainly due to decline in mortality from circulatory system diseases. There was observed opposed development of the intensity of mortality from the cause of malignant neoplasm of bronchus, trachea and lungs between the sexes, where there were reduced the level of mortality by men and increased by women. From the results of the analysis it is evident that the areas with the highest intensity of mortality related to smoking are in the north-western Bohemia. Keywords: mortality, causes of death, smoking, Czech Republic, regions
|
|
|
Impact of EU enlargement on basic demographic indicators
Hašek, Oldřich ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Impact of EU enlargement on basic demographic indicators Abstract The main aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the influence of each enlargement of the European Union for selected basic demographic indicators calculated over the entire European Union between 1960 and 2010. For this purpose selected indicators are total fertility, infant mortality and life expectancy at birth for men and women. The work is based on the confrontation generated test hypotheses and the results of visual analysis and descriptive statistics. The theoretical basis for creating test hypotheses about the influence of enlargement is mainly laid in the text outlined the historical development of indicators and their calculation for the four geopolitical regions (North, East, West, South), followed by the use of cartograms depicting the parametric values for individual states in the extension. The results of this analysis show that the the major impact of EU enlargement on selected demographic indicators is limited to the period after enlargement in 2004, less significant effects are often seen for other extensions.
|
|
|
(Geo)demographic factors of cumstomer's behaviour
Janušková, Klára ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
(Geo)demographic factors of consumers' behaviour Abstract This master's thesis deals with the issue of consumers' behaviour on theoretical level with empirical measuring of customers' satisfaction related to the selected mobile operator. The object of survey is the consumer and the subject matter comprises his behaviour in consumption, resp. his behaviour after purchase. The aim of the analysis is to conduct a test of relations between variables, to search for statistically significant differences between average values assigned to the overall satisfaction among particular groups of consumers divided using (geo) demographic and social variables, to describe segments created with reference to the level of satisfaction and to define such factors, which contribute towards the resultant value of satisfaction declared by significant means. The data analysis is based on selection survey conducted in the year 2008, using the method of individual, and standardised, assisted questioning. The processing of data is implemented, one- or multi-dimensional statistics - testing of average values, dispersion analysis, correlation, regression and factor analyses. That resulted in the finding that there was a relation between the overall satisfaction and gender, age, education, marital status, employment, territory. The most...
|
guest ::
