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Consumerism as anthropological problem
KUKLA LENCOVÁ, Jindra
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the issue of overconsumption in relation to man and his dignity. The aim of this thesis is to map and characterize consumer culture in its key features and manifestations and to thematize the problem of overconsumption in connection with human value and human dignity. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter describes the basic concepts related to consumer culture. The second chapter continues with selected typical manifestations of contemporary consumer culture. The third chapter deals with the factor of overconsumption in relation to the value of man and human dignity.
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The issues of proving the use of pesticides in illegal poisoning of animals
Křížová, Iveta ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kukla, Jaroslav (referee)
Pesticide poisoning is a worldwide problem. Pesticides are chemicals designed to eliminate unwanted organisms. Many products are banned due to their toxicity, but they are still being abused. The problem arises in proving poisoning due to lack of evidence. Tracing chemicals using chemical attribution signatures is a relatively new method used in forensic sciences, but pesticides are understudied in this field. Characteristic compounds in chemicals are searched for that may provide the necessary information about produce and use illicit substances. This bachelor's thesis deals with the abuse of pesticide products in illegal poisoning of wildlife. Special attention is paid to carbofuran, which is the most frequently abused pesticide in the Czech Republic. The aim of the experimental part was to analyze carbofuran preparations and to prove that individual preparations differ qualitatively from each other.
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Safety problems of modern nuclear reactors
Kukla, Jaroslav ; Přibil, Rudolf (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
Jaroslav Kukla Otázky bezpe nosti moderních jaderných reaktor Bakalá ská práce Abstract: This study is concerned with safety factors of nuclear reactors. It summarizes history of nuclear reactors development and analyses causes of some serious accidents, which occurred in the past. It describes physical characteristics of radioactive radiation and mentions a basic survey of quantities and units. Then it describes the influence of radioactive emission on man and other living organisms. It also defines some reactor components and focuses on general security principles, which are further developed. It shortly explains the methods of evaluation of safety factors of nuclear reactors and a role of nuclear supervision. It puts nuclear reactors into several generations and every type of reactor is described as for technical and safety aspects, respectively. It refers to contemporary trends in development of nuclear reactors and in development of their safety.
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Assessing the impact of attendance on the selected caves using GIS
Kukla, Jaroslav ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Caves are valuable sites from geological , palaeontological and biological point of view. They are important biotopes of rare and endangered species. Their ecosystem is quite specific and often very independent on environment. Therefore, the caves since the beginning of science have been the subject of research , and gradually also the subject of protection. Caves can also be very attractive objects of interest of tourism. In the Czech Republic there are 14 open to the public karst caves that have regulated attendance, and their access time is subordinated to the interests of nature conservation. On the other hand, there are also a number of caves that are not secured in any way and may be a target of unregulated tourism. This dissertation discusses the evaluation and the impact of attendance on non-karst caves in the National Nature Reserve Canyon Labe, which are freely accessible. I divided the work into three parts. In the first part I dealt with quantifying the attendance of all caves in the area of interest, On the basis of collected data, I made a selection of caves , which I later focused on. In the second part of my work I focused on obtaining information about the visitors and their motivations using public inquiry survey in selected caves, In the third part I tried to analyze the impact...
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Preparation and use of acid proteases for digestion in H/D exchange.
Kukla, Jan ; Man, Petr (advisor) ; Pompach, Petr (referee)
- 5 - Abstract Hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HX-MS) utilizes the spontaneous exchange of protein backbone amide hydrogens for deuterium atoms from solution to gain information about changes in protein structure. To localize these changes to specific areas of the protein, enzymatic digestion by aspartate proteases is used. The proteases' ability to produce small overlapping peptides and to provide full sequence coverage of the studied protein is essential for pinpointing the protein regions of interest. In this study recombinant proteases nepenthesin I (Nepenthes gracilis) and rhizopuspepsin (Rhizopus chinensis) were prepared and compared to commercially available proteases porcine pepsin A and aspergillopepsin (Aspergillus saitoi). The comparison was performed using various activity assays, where the effects of pH, temperature and denaturing and reducing agents on the activity of the proteases were studied. All four proteases were also immobilized on a polymeric resin POROS and their activity in an online HX-MS digestion setup was tested using myoglobin as a model substrate.
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Factors affecting soil respiration in post mining heaps
Kopecký, Tomáš ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kukla, Jaroslav (referee)
The goal of this study is to clarify main sources of CO2 flux from soils of lignite mine heaps near Sokolov (Czech republic) and to quantify the influence of the ecosystem management and spatio-temporal dynamics through the year. In situ experiment took place throughout three years (2018-2021) was used to measure soil respiration. In recultivated areas, respiration was related to temperature, presence of roots and the growing season. In succesion areas, the temperature was found to have main influence on the succesion, whereas the presence of roots and the growing season had none. Sudden isolated occurrences of high values of CO2 flow from the soil were observed in the succession areas, frequent especially outside of the growing season in the colder parts of the year. This led to the assumption that the flow has an abiotic origin. To obtain data on the origin of the soil CO2 flow in the winter, a laboratory experiment was introduced to examine the effect of soil freezing on respiration. It has been shown that even sterile tailings release CO2 and this release is enhanced by freezing, which supports the theory of the abiotic origin of winter episodes with high CO2 production. Finally literary research was written in hope of describing effects influencing soil respiration and respiration involvement in the...
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Biochemical markers of soil microbial community and functioning and antropogenic stress
Kukla, Jaroslav ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Hruška, Jakub (referee) ; Novotný, Čeněk (referee)
The soil microbial community has a major impact on ecosystem processes on a global scale. Anthropogenic stress has a significant effect on the composition, biomass and activity of the microbial community. In addition, this effect depends not only on the anthropogenic activity, but also on the environmental conditions. Modern analytical and molecular methods, including the use of biochemical markers, can be well used to monitor changes in the microbial community. These methods do not monitor the community directly, but detect the substances that are secreted and transformed by microbes and, last but not least, those that are part of them. The amount of these biochemical markers reflects the biomass, condition and taxonomic composition of a particular microbial community. In the presented work, these markers were used to monitor the response of microorganisms in various ecosystems which are affected directly or indirectly by human activity. The results of the dissertation are presented in four articles. Three of them have been published in international journals with IF and one is prepared in the form of a manuscript for publication. The first publication presents the results of research exploring the impact of traditional agriculture in Papua New Guinea on the soil microbial communities, soil...
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Autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration
Kopecký, Tomáš ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kukla, Jaroslav (referee)
The goal o f this study is to describe autotrophic and heterothrophic respirat io n on mine heaps near Soko lov (Czech Republic) through literar y research and a o ne year lo ng research on mine heaps. Resu lts show that the temperature and sit e difference have stat ist ica lly significant impact on respirat io n, however, at temperatures around 0 degrees celsius, there were significant increases in respiratio n on unrec laimed sit es. This pheno meno n needs to be explored by furt her research for our understanding o f natural succession dyna mics on mine heaps. Temperature was not statist ically significant for respirat ion o n unrecla imed sit es. That po ints to limit at ion o f respirat ion by another factor.
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Final report about research in Sokolov post mining sites in 2017 based on agreement between ENKI ops and Institute of Soil Biology BC CAS
Frouz, Jan ; Mudrák, Ondřej ; Kučera, J. ; Tejedor, Javier ; Kaneda, S. ; Reinshmitová, E. ; Šimáčková, H. ; Albrechtová, J. ; Lhotáková, Z. ; Kukla, J. ; Kopecký, T. ; Vindušková, O. ; Moradi, J. ; Vicentini, Fabio ; Benetková, P. ; Pižl, Václav ; Tajovský, Karel ; Starý, Josef
The report brings main results of the research about soil and ecosystem recovery in post mining landscape near Sokolov based on agreement between ENKI ops and Institute of soil biology, BC CAS.
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