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Aristotle's ethics from the position of Anglo-Saxon thought
Kubica, František ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The thesis deals with the ethical philosophy of ancient thinker Aristotle and with the development of this philosophy in later periods. The thesis is divided into four chapters, in which the author deals first with Aristotle's ethics, next describes how this ethics changed in Epicureanism, Stoicism and Christianity - in the works of Augustin Aurelius and Thomas Aquinas. In the third part the thesis focuses on decline of Aristotelian ethics and rise od I. Kant's ethics. Finally in the last chapter, the thesis deals with the revival of Aristotelian ethics in the works of A. MacIntyre. The thesis is written from the point of view of the Anglo-Saxon thought. That is reflected in its structure and the choose of literature.
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WILL ACCORDING TO ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER
Kubica, František ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee) ; Demjančuk, Nikolaj (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis aims to clarify the notion of will of Arthur Schopenhauer in a historical context. The understanding of will in Schopenhauer's predecessors - Descartes, Leibniz, Kant and Hegel - will also be covered. The paper will try to discover what impact their notion of will had on Schopenhauer's philosophy, which is the topic of the second, most important part of the thesis. It will present Schopenhauer's understanding of the world as will and idea. According to Schopenhauer, everything in the world is subordinate to causal laws, which the thesis also presents. There are even more topics to be covered - the partition of the world to subject and objects, which exist only for the subject, examples of manifestation of the will in nature and different branches of science, the impossibility of freedom and so on. Our attention will also be focused on what impact Schopenhauer's notion of will had on his aethetics and ethics. The last part deals with the voluntarism of Friedrich Nietzsche, who transforms Schopenhauer's pessimistic notion of a cruel will to life to an optimistic will to power. In relation to this, several topics will be covered - ressentiment as a consequence of the massive spread of slave morality, the cruitique of Christianity and Nietzsche's expectation of the overman's arrival.
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L. Klima's conception of will and inspiration he drew from Nietzsche and Schopenhauer
Kubica, František ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
Master's thesis L. Klima's conception of will and inspiration he drew from Nietzsche and Schopenhauer deals with philosophy of important czech writer and philosopher Ladislav Klíma. Author's philosophy has its source in world's leading philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Arthur Schopenhauer and he continues with his own philosophical thoughts. Whole chapter is devoted to each of them, however their purpose is not to offer detail interpretation of their work, but try to find moments and connections which inspired Klíma's work. The main subject of this work is topic of will in aspects of Klíma's philosophy, which is inspired by philosophy of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche.
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