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The modalities of intervention in failed states from a critical perspective
Frettoli, Fabio ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Fabio Frettoli THE MODALITIES OF INTERVENTION IN FAILED STATES FROM A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE The main aim of the thesis is to analyze from a critical perspective the modalities of intervention adopted by the international community and western institutions towards the so-called "failed states". Among those who work in international organizations, state-building projects often appear to be the best way to resolve the problems that afflict failed states. Most policymakers involved believe in the application, in these situations, of the principles that characterize the well-known liberal peace theory1 . It is indeed commonly assumed that liberal internationalism, democratic institutions and free markets are the main ingredients to develop a successful state-building project in every circumstance. The general idea behind this approach is that liberal democratic and market reforms will bring stability to the area, which in turn will cause state stability and prosperity to the singular individuals. Unfortunately the international actors, in their attempt to improve the situation as fast as possible, often have ended up focusing too much on the economic structural reforms, ignoring the factors that could bring some real benefit to the bulk of the population, favoring instead the local political elites, which are...
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In silico screening of SIRT6 inhibitors
Kučera, Tomáš ; Doležal, Martin (advisor) ; Holas, Ondřej (referee)
Title: In silico screening of SIRT6 inhibitors Author: Tomáš Kučera Department: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D. Specialized supervisor: Maija Lahtela-Kakkonen, Ph.D. Abstract: SIRT6 is called NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-6 and it is a member of sirtuin protein family. It modulates acetylation of histone H3 (clinically important Lys9 and Lys56). The SIRT6 enzyme is an interesting drug target because of its role in DNA replication, glycolysis and inflammation - that is why the design of SIRT6 inhibitors is relevant in context of diabetes mellitus, arthritis and cancer. The aim of the work was to identify small molecules to inhibit deacetylase activity of SIRT6 using methods of computational chemistry and molecular modeling. We tried to find new lead structures with possibility to be optimized in next phases of the drug discovery process. The 9 known inhibitors and crystal structure of SIRT6 (PDB code 3K35) were used as input data during the modeling. Pharmacophoric and chemical similarity searches were selected from the group of ligand-based methods and molecular dock- ing from the group of structure-based methods. The pharmacophore was defined after structural alignment of four known ligands and tested on set of...
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NATO's Challenge: Exploring the Persistence of the Alliance's Military Capabilities Gap
Schwarzenberg, Carly Eileen ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis addresses the military capabilities gap between the US and European member states of NATO. It seeks to answer the question, why does the US-European capabilities gap persist despite apparent agreement between Allies on strategic capabilities objectives and cooperative solutions? The paper first establishes the need for a strong, independent European Security and Defense Identity within the Alliance, particularly since NATO's operations in Libya. It then defines and explicates the military capabilities gap within the Alliance, including its scope, history, and attempts to find cooperative solutions. This analysis demonstrates that there is broad agreement both on what the Alliance requires for military capabilities and for how best to obtain them (cooperatively), yet the gap has persisted and grown for two decades. In an attempt to solve this empirical puzzle, the paper employs a two-level games framework to analyze the NATO defense planning process, which links supranational capabilities planning for the Alliance to national-level execution, dependent upon funding from state parliaments. Faced with the general answer that fiscal constraints preclude states from following through on their commitments, the paper delves deeper to determine factors that may influence differences in defense...
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Population perspects of Kazakhstan till 2030
Tolesh, Fariza ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population prospects of Kazakhstan till 2030 Abstract Population change affects national income, national expenditure, and the demand for services such as education, health and transport. Therefore, information about future population size and structure obtained with the help of population forecasts, which can be used for a wide range of decision-making purposes, is of paramount importance. The primary aim of this dissertation is to produce three different types of population forecasts for Kazakhstan till 2030 and by comparing and analysing the differences to find out the most important factors determining the population development process in the country. Kazakhstan is a country with significant size and regional diversity which makes it relevant to consider those dimensions in population forecasting. Most southern oblasts of the country have a young population structure meaning that much of future population growth, particularly of working age, will come from these regions. Also, native population tends to concentrate in rural areas, while industrialized cities are mostly populated by non-natives with considerably different nuptiality and fertility behaviour. Despite such regional and residential demographic differences, presently the country is experiencing an overall increase in birth rates. Many claims...
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Targeted killing as a means of the fight against terrorism
Kučera, Tomáš ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
In recent decades we can watch heated debates on the legal and moral permissibility of State-sponsored targeted killings involving representatives from Governments, academic circles, military and police forces, intelligence services, human rights groups, humanitarian institutions, intergovernmental organizations a and the mass media. These debates are even more intense after the killing of Osama bin Laden, leader of the terrorist group Al Qaeda, in May 2011. The aim of the thesis is to answer to the question: Are targeted killings a permissible method of fight against terrorism? The legality of targeted killings is analyzed in term of lex lata international law, namely under human rights law, international humanitarian law and law of international security. The thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter One defines basic terminology used in the thesis. The Chapter is subdivided into two parts. Part One defines the concept of targeted killings. Part Two defines the notion of terrorism. Chapter Two examines the legality of targeted killings in term of law of international security. Chapter Three describes the parallel application of human rights law and international humanitarian law. Chapter Four analyzes the legality of targeted killings under human rights law. The Chapter is subdivided into two...
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Population perspects of Kazakhstan till 2030
Tolesh, Fariza ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
Population prospects of Kazakhstan till 2030 Abstract Population change affects national income, national expenditure, and the demand for services such as education, health and transport. Therefore, information about future population size and structure obtained with the help of population forecasts, which can be used for a wide range of decision-making purposes, is of paramount importance. The primary aim of this dissertation is to produce three different types of population forecasts for Kazakhstan till 2030 and by comparing and analysing the differences to find out the most important factors determining the population development process in the country. Kazakhstan is a country with significant size and regional diversity which makes it relevant to consider those dimensions in population forecasting. Most southern oblasts of the country have a young population structure meaning that much of future population growth, particularly of working age, will come from these regions. Also, native population tends to concentrate in rural areas, while industrialized cities are mostly populated by non-natives with considerably different nuptiality and fertility behaviour. Despite such regional and residential demographic differences, presently the country is experiencing an overall increase in birth rates. Many claims...
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Emancipation of Japan's security policy
Vilímec, Tomáš ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with changes in Japan's security policy after the Cold War. The time span in which this topic is monitored, is the beginning of nineties of the 20th century until the end of 2013. It is approached as a single case study, while examined case is defined as: "the emancipation of Japan's security policy." The work is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter deals with the theoretical definition of the investigated problem in terms of theories of international relations. The second chapter describes the development of the security policy of Japan after World War II and its specifics are explained. The third chapter analyzes the external factors that are essential on the progress of the emancipation of Japan's security policy. The fourth chapter is devoted to the development of this process and its manifestations.
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Forecast of the size and structure of the prison population in the CR
Koňařík, Martin ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Forecast of the size and structure of the prison population in the CR Abstract: Forecasting of prison population in the Czech Republic is almost an unexplored topic. To the whole prison system as a topic is also devoted little space in the literature. The most advanced methods of forecasting of prison populations cannot be used to the Czech data, which are used in countries with a long tradition of it. The data are not connected between Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Interior, and also differ in their definitions. It is therefore necessary to use a simplified method, which correspond to the data sources. The process is also interfered with unexpected external factors such as the amnesty of the President of the Republic on the 1 January 2013. Models for convicted expected forecast decline in their number by the end of 2013 to 12 to 19 thousands. Models further assume that a decline in 2013 would take place, even if there were no amnesty. Models for the accused assume their fluctuation around the same values. Follow-up calculations show that the state would save significantly by the projection models variants and also the burden on prison officers in correctional facilities would be reduced to 2.1 to 3.2 prisoners per guard from the current 3.5 prisoners per guard. Keywords: prison projection,...
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Trends and patterns of reproductive behaviour in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Babková, Eliška ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Trends and patterns of reproductive behaviour in Germany, Austria and Switzerland Abstract The main goal of this diploma thesis is to analyse fertility trends in the (former) German Democratic Republic, the (former) Federal Republic of Germany, Austria and Switzerland after Second World War to 2010 and attitudes of population of the countries above towards parenthood and the changing roles of men and women. German-speaking countries belong to countries with long-term low fertility level, however each country has its own specific reproductive behavior due to historical development. Analysis of fertility is focused on describing the trends of the number of live births and the proportion of children born outside marriage, total fertility rate, cohort fertility, fertility rates by age and the mean age of women at childbirth. Attitudes of respondents towards parenthood and the changing roles of men and women were analyzed based on international survey, European Values Study 2008, by statistical methods - chi-square test and factor analysis. Further, the thesis deals with family policy in German-speaking countries with a focus on current measures. The main findings of this thesis are summarized in the final chapter.
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The development of death rates due to selected neoplasms in the European union between the years 1996-2010
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
In all of the developed countries, malignant neoplasms are, along with cardiovascular diseases, among the most frequent causes of death. This tendency persists in the European Union countries for many years. The goal of this diploma thesis is to analyze the development of mortality caused by selected malignant neoplasms in the European Union countries from the year 1996 until 2010. The analysis is divided into 4 sections. Aside from standard demographic methods of evaluating the mortality rates by means of age-adjusted death rates calculation, statistical methods are used in this thesis as well. Primary methods used are Joinpoint regression, analysis of the course of specific death rates according to age groups and cluster analysis. In the observed period of time, mortality caused by stomach, cervical, and within the male population also respiratory tract malignant neoplasms declines. On the contrary, within the female population, the death rate caused by respiratory tract malignant neoplasms increases. Malignant skin melanoma represent a great future danger concerning the male population, and malignant pancreatic neoplasms concerning both genders. Over the observed time period, malignant skin melanoma death rate almost doubled in some of the countries. Within the European Union, the variations...
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