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Molecular mechanisms linking adipose tissue dysfunction and atherosclerotic complications
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Bužga, Marek (referee) ; Cibičková, Ľubica (referee)
Obesity and its associated comorbidities increase the risk of mortality. The development of subclinical inflammation associated with obesity also plays a significant role in this. In our work, we focused on changes in the endocrine and mitochondrial function of adipose tissue and their relationship to cardiovascular complications. The first part of the thesis focuses on determining the expression of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum genes in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue, intercostal muscle or right myocardial atrium in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Patients with coronary artery disease had reduced expression of several mitochondrial chain genes in epicardial adipose tissue compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue and other tissues, while no change in endoplasmic reticulum gene expression in the above-mentioned tissues has been demonstrated. Based on decreased mitochondrial gene expression in patients with coronary artery disease, we conclude that mitochondrial dysfunction of epicardial adipose tissue may contribute to the development of coronary atherosclerosis. The second part of the thesis is focused on neudesin, new potentional regulator of energy metabolism, in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who underwent various weight reduction...
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Endocrine role of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Taxová Braunerová, Radka (referee)
Adipose tissue as an active endocrine organ is explored in a number of processes associated with metabolic disorders. This work is aimed on studying the effect of endoscopically implantable weight-reducing device - duodeno-jejunal bypass liner - on subclinical inflammation of adipose tissue in obese patients, which contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Specifically, for patients implanted with duodeno- jejunal bypass liner we determined anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal characteristics, and mRNA expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue proinflammatory (TNF-α, leptin, CCL- 2, CX3CL1, CD40, CD80, CD86, CD206, CD163 and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory genes (Adiponektin, IL-10) before, one month and ten months after the intervention. The implantation of duodeno-jejunal bypass liner significantly decreased body weight, waist circumference, and improved metabolic and glycemic control. In addition, C-reactive protein a highly sensitive indicator of inflammatory processes in the body was reduced ten months after implantation. In the case of mRNA expression of CD86 (a marker of activated B lymphocytes and macrophages) there was temporarily increase in adipose tissue one month after the surgery and the subsequent significant decrease after ten months. mRNA expression of other...
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The role of adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of obesity and anorexia nervosa
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Pavlišová, Jana (referee)
The view of adipose tissue and its significance in human pathophysiology has changed substantially in the recent couple of years. It has been shown that adipose tissue is not only a passive storage site for excess energy, but that it actively participates in the maintenance of whole-body homeostasis as an endocrine organ producing various hormones and other biologically active molecules, which by acting in an endocrine, paracrine as well as autocrine fashion affect different organs and systems. An intact regulation of adipose tissue processes plays an important role in sustaining the integrity of the organism, whereas its defects lead to the development of a number of diseases. This thesis focuses primarily on the significance of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of obesity and anorexia nervosa. In the last years, the incidence of obesity rapidly increases ranking, along with its complications, among the world's leading health problems. Obesity is associated with endocrine dysfunction of adipose tissue characterized by disrupted production of adipose tissue hormones and cytokines resulting in the development of numerous disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. A completely opposite disorder, where, however, adipose tissue, or more precisely the absence of it, plays...
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Entering into employment
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Soušková, Milena (advisor) ; Spirit, Michal (referee)
The thesis concers the conclusion of employment. The first chapter characterize emplyoment. The next chapter describes the process before employment. There is also the chapter about the rule of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination. The essential part of this thesis is devoted to the contract of employment and its necessities. The thesis has a separated chapter about the rights and duties arising from employment contract. Also the experiance of the emplyers and employees with the conclusion of the emplyment is carried out.
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the termination of employment by the employer
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Soušková, Milena (advisor) ; Spirit, Michal (referee)
Bachelor thesis concerns the termination of employment by the employer. The first chapter generally characterized employment. A substantial part of the work consists of formal and content requirements of individual ways of termination of emplyment, ie termination of employment during the probationary period, immediate termination of employment and dismissal. In addition work has a separated chapter, which is devoted to the obligation of the employer after termination of employment. Theoretical considerations are interspersed with case law from the area. To compare the observance of the legislation in practice, I devote a chapter to personal experiences of different employers and mention the demands of an invalid termination. In conclusion, I evaluate the regulation of termination of employment at the base of my observations received from employers and presents proposals to improve legislation and recommendations to employers.
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