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Cancel Culture - A Challenge Or A Threat?
Kvačková, Kristýna ; Kýrová, Lucie (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof Přemysl (referee)
The thesis entitled "Cancel Culture - A Challenge Or A Threat?" deals with the phenomenon of the so-called Cancel Culture, which is mainly known from the USA and the UK, but the first signs of it are also noticeable in the Czech Republic. The thesis analyses examples from the cultural, political, and academic spheres in the United States, with the aim of revealing the effects of the Cancel Culture on society and on the perception of the limits of freedom of speech and, by extension, academic freedom. The thesis establishes the boundary between legitimate criticism and cancellation. The threat to freedom of speech and, by extension, academic freedom, is presented when academics are disturbed because of their unpopular opinion, such as their political beliefs. In the cultural and political spheres, interference represents the threat described by the concept of the spiral of silence. As research shows, people are afraid to express their opinion if it is not in line with the majority opinion, for fear of cancellation and possible consequences. Despite its shortcomings, this phenomenon can be a legitimate tool for achieving social justice, because it effectively highlights sensitive social issues such as racism, sexism, xenophobia, etc.
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Impartiality in the U.S. Supreme Court: Navigating Judicial Values in a Political Arena
Doskočil, Jan ; Pondělíček, Jiří (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof Přemysl (referee)
Impartiality is an important theoretical concept that determines the ability of judges to provide both parties of litigation with a fair trial. Despite this, judicial impartiality is relatively unexplored in academic writings. This thesis aims to correct this discrepancy by delving into varying interpretations of impartiality and the occurrence of impartiality debates in the context of the Supreme Court confirmation hearings. The thesis seeks to answer the question of whether impartiality plays an important role in the appointment of new justices and whether impartiality concerns are overshadowed by political concerns. Furthermore, the thesis explores possible avenues for changes that would ameliorate impartiality discussions, both with respect to theoretical interpretations of impartiality and practical reforms of the confirmation process. Through an analysis of recent confirmation hearings, the thesis concludes that while impartiality is important in considerations of judicial candidates, the problem lies in its competing interpretations, which are mostly divided along the lines of partisan affiliation. Moreover, impartiality is at the core of all kinds of judicial philosophy, which complicates its theoretical separation from various schools of legal thought. This interpretational ambiguity,...
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Covert Racism in Presidential Campaigns: Exploiting Racial Prejudice by George H. W. Bush in the 1988 Elections
Cajkář, Jakub ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof Přemysl (referee)
This master's thesis examines the rhetorical strategy of the Republican Party in the presidential campaigns in the second half of the 20th century while its main part analyzes George H. W. Bush's campaign in 1988. This research aims to ascertain whether Bush's campaign carried racist features and whether the Republican candidate exploited the racial prejudice of white voters toward African Americans. Firstly, the thesis briefly outlines the history of racial discrimination in the United States and explores the presidential campaigns of Republican candidates who perfected the strategy of dog whistle politics when they enticed white constituents while sacrificing African-American votes by using implicit racial allusions that connected Blacks with words of negative connotations like "crime", "drugs", "law and order", or "welfare queens". Afterward, the thesis focuses on the strategy of Bush's presidential campaign in 1988. It analyzes some of the negative television commercials which strived to weaken the Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis and make him appear soft on crime. Predominantly the "Willie Horton" ad, which abused the story of an African-American man convicted of murder, helped to create this narrative. The study concludes with an analysis of speeches that George Bush delivered throughout...
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Initiatives aiming to reform the Electoral College in the United States of America
Forejtová, Markéta ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof Přemysl (referee)
Bakalářská práce - Markéta Forejtová Abstract This thesis deals with initiatives to reform the Electoral College in the United States of America. The main goal of this thesis is to compare these initiatives and reflect their representativeness of election results. That means to evaluate how these initiatives assess individual votes cast. The main method used in this thesis is comparative analysis. This thesis is divided into four sections, with the first one briefly describing the creation of the Electoral College, as well as changes to its functioning until today. In the second part, controversial cases of presidential elections in the years 2000 and 2016 are described. The third part includes a description and comparison of the initiatives to reform the Electoral College, including their positive and negative aspects based on the criteria of individual vote reflection. To allow a more precise comparison, a hypothetical model of election results was created for each of the initiatives based on the 2016 presidential election. The fourth part explains the implementation of these potential reforms into U.S. law. This thesis comes to a conclusion that direct election of the president is the initiative that reflects the individual votes most precisely. In case of the proportional plan, the election of 2016...
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Distribution and genetic variation of invasive crayfish of the genus Orconectes
Filipová, Lenka ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Kozák, Pavel (referee)
Crayfish are an important part of European fauna, but since the 19th century native crayfish species have been largely influenced by biological invasions, when large number of their populations was dramatically reduced due to the introduction of the pathogen of the crayfish plague (oomycete Aphanomyces astaci) to Europe. Several North American crayfish species were then brought to the European continent to substitute lost populations of native crayfish, the most widespread being the spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus), the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). However, these crayfish can carry pathogen of the crayfish plague and therefore represent a serious threat to the native species. My work focused mostly on the spiny-cheek crayfish (O. limosus). Available literature data suggest that the species was brought to Europe only once, and all European individuals may be descendants of the founder population. However, other cases of introduction may not have been documented, and cannot be ruled out. The first aim of my thesis was to evaluate the haplotype variation of the spiny-cheek crayfish populations from Europe and North America. Mitochondrial gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) of selected O. limosus individuals from several...
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Environmental impact assessment
Kozák, Petr ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Environmental Impact Assessment Résumé: Environmental Impact Assessment, as a process for integrating environmental considerations into decision making, is one of the most important instruments of environmental protection. It was first applied in United States of America and then emerged internationally since 1970. Strategic Environmental Assessmet (SEA), which is the aim of my thesis, is developing very quickly for last twenty years. Now is established in international documents and also domestic legislation - especially cause of the Czech Republic accession to the European Union. Strategic environmental assessment presents a process, which should provide information on the environmental consequences of proposed plans, programs and policies, and also ensure participation of potentially affected subjects, including public. In my thesis I describe respective international regulation, European directives and Czech legislation of strategic environmental assessment and analyze the level of quality and effectiveness of the SEA process and public participation in Czech regulation according to respective international and European regulation. For the SEA legislation in the Czech Republic a number of international treaties and European directives are very important. It is Convention on Environmental Impact...
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