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Molecular epidemiological analysis of carbapenem resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp.
Šrámková, Anna ; Hrabák, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Gniadkowski, Marek (referee)
Currently, the development of bacterial resistance is one of the major healthcare problems. Especially, the significant continuous increase of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, which most often affected seriously ill hospitalized patients, is a cause for great concern. Worldwide dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes is largely associated with mobile genetic elements and the clonal spread of high-risk clones. The dissertation thesis is focused on a molecular-epidemiological mapping of carbapenemase-positive Gram-negative isolates detected in hospital settings throughout the Czech Republic. Since 2015, a significant increase of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceæ (CPE) was detected in our country, mainly attributed to the dissemination of OXA-48 and NDM enzymes. Studies focusing on the first big outbreaks as well as sporadic cases of OXA-48 and NDM carbapenemases were performed. Results showed that blaOXA-48-carrying plasmids, which are derivatives of the archetypal IncL plasmid pOXA-48 originally described in Turkey, play a major role in the dissemination of OXA-48 enzymes in Czech hospitals. This finding is in agreement with the data from previous studies reported worldwide. The study of NDM-positive isolates revealed that IncX3 plasmids are the main factor contributing to the...
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The study of the pathogenesis of infection caused by bacteria from Burkholderia cepacia complex in patients with cystic fibrosis
Kalferstová, Lucie ; Dřevínek, Pavel (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Šebo, Peter (referee)
Summary: Bacteria from Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa belong among the most serious pathogens causing lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). These bacteria are highly resistant to almost all of the available antibiotics. Another serious problem is the ability of certain strains to spread among the patients, which can cause an epidemic infection. Some of the Bcc strains are capable of entering the bloodstream and causing serious septic condition called cepacia syndrome. One of these strains is the Czech epidemic strain B. cenocepacia ST32, which spread among Czech patients with CF in the 90s of the 20th century. The aim of this study was to compare transcriptome profiles of isolates gained from blood of patients with cepacia syndrome with transcriptome profiles of isolates gained from sputum of patients in the stable phase eventually exacerbation, and to choose the most appropriate genes with the different expression, which could be used as a possible marker for detection of arising cepacia syndrome. Another aim of this study was to do further study of function and influence on virulence of chosen marker (which is coding generally known virulence factor) in the time of cepacia syndrome. The last aim was to assess the epidemiologic situation of bacteria...
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Design of Forming Tool and Machinery for Couting out of Pad
Kolář, Milan ; Štroner, Marek (referee) ; Dvořák, Milan (advisor)
The Diploma Thesis presents a draft of designated automatic apparatus for cutting out and assembling pads for pressure control valve (DRV2). The theoretical chapter of the Thesis contains selected findings from theory and technology for material cutting. The next chapter contains design solutions for a designated apparatus for cutting and assembling pressure control valves. The pads are etched from 0,08 mm steel plates X2CrNi Mol7-12-2. The shape of the pads is etched on a 35mm-wide belt that is wound up onto a drum. The draft of this new technological facility has been elaborated in accordance with the most suitable technological variant. The cutting tool is made of steel 19 437 that is thermally processed at HRC 62-4. Estimated annual volume of production series is 2 mil. pcs. The cutting and assembly processes are executed with the aid of this designated automatic apparatus.
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Computer controled inteligent elements of electrical instalation
Kolář, Milan ; Macháček, Jan (referee) ; Bátora, Branislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the field of intelligent wiring. In the first part, there is an explanation of how the inteligent wiring works, its main parts, topology and categorization. In the second part, there is an example of practical application which is built on the elements of the INELS system. There is also a comparison with the classic (conventional) wiring. It is followed by programming and setting up of the wiring with the included software IDM. Finally, there is an example of visualization, a possibility of remote control and function management with a data net.
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Production of tool for pressing formed shim into flange
Kolář, Milan ; Císařová, Michaela (referee) ; Dvořák, Milan (advisor)
The Baccalaureate Thesis deals with the design of a tool for fixing of thrust rings in flanges of high pressure fuel injection pumps. The theoretical part of the final project summarizes both theory-based and cold metal and alloy working-based knowledge. Three options of fixing the thrust ring in the flange of a high pressure fuel injection pump have been developed. Based on tests carried out, the option II has been chosen for repairs of fuel injection pumps flanges since it seems to be the most advantageous one. The high pressure fuel injection pump flange is made of AlSilMgMn aluminium alloy. The thrust ring is made by C 75 sheet steel stamping according to DIN 17222 (ČSN 12081). The tool drawing was made on the basis of the best-fit technology repair option. Stamping tools are made of 19 452 steel and hardened to HRC 60-4. The assumed yearly output amounts to 7000 pieces. A special purpose machine is used for repairing fuel injection pump flanges.
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