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Major themes in Ryu Murakami's prosaic work
Nešpor, Filip ; Tirala, Martin (advisor) ; Kanasugi, Petra (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the subject of the Japanese author Murakami Ryu and the major themes in his works. I have chosen four of his novels as representative works, i.e. Almost Transparent Blue; Piercing; In the Miso Soup and Sixty Nine. I work on the assumption that there are three key motives in author's work (violence, sex and life near American military bases) and I would like to prove that the author uses these motives to highlight the problems in the Japanese society and to critcize it to some extent. The aim of the first part is to present the author and chosen works, the second part is devoted to the chosen motives and their analysis. As far as methodology is concerned, it is based on the fictional worlds theory.
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Prefixation in the Japanese language
Pelouch, David ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
The thesis focuses on prefixation in the Japanese language. The first part presents a theoretical background to the composition of Japanese vocabulary, and the most common word-formation processes that occur in Japanese. The work focuses in particular on derivation, specifically prefixation. The second part of the thesis includes corpus research, based on which the selected prefixes are categorised into groups and individually described. The prefixes are categorised according to their frequency within the groups. Keywords: Japanese, wordformation, prefixation
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Subjectivity and compound particles in Japanese
Metličková, Kristýna ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Sýkora, Jan (referee)
Compound particles are part of a wide group of grammatical devices in Japanese having the potential to express the subjective voice of the speaker. The thesis analyses compound particles with the goal to test subjective preferences of speakers in the case of having (or not having) possibility to choose from two similar particles. Firstly, the thesis deals with the definition of compound particles according to Yuriko Sunakawa, the successor to the "predicating theory" in its later form by Motoki Tokieda. Compound particles are then related to the theoretical framework of subjectivity and subjectivization by Elizabeth C. Traugott. In the second part, there is a corporal analysis of two semantically similar compound particles ni shite wa - wari ni, dake ni - dake atte, and a single to mo naru to, with regard to their contextual surrounding, coocurence with subjectivity indicators, and sources. The analysed group of particles was proven to be context specific. By comparing the usage of similar compound particles it was possible to pinpoint subjective preferences regardless of the register. The single to mo naru to showed tendencies to appear in a narrow range of topics similarly as the particles existing in a variety. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Text data mining as an viable method of Japanese studies
Štefková, Tereza ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Rosen, Alexandr (referee)
In this thesis we address the problem of possible utilization of text mining methods in the field of Japanese studies. We review the fundamental text mining approaches and their practical applications in the first part. Then we elaborate on the topic of preprocessing with special focus on techniques used for Japanese and English texts. In the main part of the thesis we apply text mining methods to three concrete research questions relevant in Japanese studies. The first research topic illustrates the technique of clustering applied to works written by two Japanese proletarian authors to reveal interesting topic patterns in their writings. The second topic makes use of the sentiment analysis with the aim of studying the extent of negative sentiment expressed in both foreign and Japanese newspaper articles that refer to Japanese officials' visits to Yasukuni shrine. Finally, we address methods of automatic summarization and their application to Japanese as well as English sample texts. The results obtained are discussed in detail with a special focus on the assessment of viability of the presented methods in Japanese studies.
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Age as a factor in politeness strategy and politeness expressions selection in Japanese
Báňová, Kateřina ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
This thesis addresses the speaker's age as a factor influencing their politeness strategies. The theoretical part defines politeness and language that express it in Japanese within the bounds of a specific illocutionary act - instruction to stop an inappropriate activity (forbiddance), in other words the so called negative face-threatening act. The practical part introduces the results of a qualitative study based on the method of a controlled structured interview with female representatives of three generations of a Tokyo family. I analyze language behavior of each generation's representative throughout their speech act in dependence on the formality of the situation and the concrete social constellation, with the aim of defining the influence of the speaker's age on her usage of strategies and concrete language means. The conclusion summarizes the outcomes of the research and confronts it with the general theory. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Use of first person pronouns in Japanese: the case of junior and senior high school students in Ishikawa prefecture
Minxová, Pavla ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Labus, David (referee)
First-person pronouns in Japanese represent an often discussed topic, especially in the field of sociolinguistics. A great amount of new papers study in detail language behaviour of specific population groups. However, general understanding of these pronominal forms is still based on stereotypical structures. These structures are not valid for non- representative demographic groups which nonetheless represent a big part of the population. The first part of the thesis introduces the reader into the problematics of first- person pronouns in Japanese and presents the results of previous relevant research. That is to a certain point used to interpret the results of the research presented in the second part. The goal of this thesis is to discover what first-person pronouns students of junior high and senior high schools in Ishikawa prefecture use to refer to themselves in different situations. It is further researched what first-person pronouns are considered by the target group as suitable for men and women of different age groups. These "suitable" expressions for the age group of focus are then compared to the expressions they actually use. Key words Japanese, first-person pronouns, language varieties, Ishikawa prefecture
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Asymmetry of Sentence Segments in Japanese to Czech translations
Jirkal, Martin ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
It is evident from the data included in the Czech-Japanese Parallel Corpus that apparent qualitative shifts between corresponding sentence segments in source and target languages appear due to the process of translation from Japanese. My goal then is the analysis of this asymmetry of sentences in translations from Japanese to Czech and evaluation of its causes and effects. This issue is viewed through the theory of translation universals (explicitation, implicitation, normalization, simplification). However, it is also concerned with the theory of information density, although its application has during the research appeared at least problematic. The theoretical outlook of translatology on these theories and the detailed process of sample selection is discussed in the introduction of the thesis. The results of the analysis of asymmetric sentences are discussed in the central part of the thesis, which is mainly concerned with the summary of language features and situations creating this asymmetry but also with the question which general trends can be considered to exist in Japanese-Czech translation based on this summary. Finally, the distribution of asymmetric segments in six analysed translation is studied as well as the potential influence of translators on their creation. Keywords: Japanese,...
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Comparison of use of body parts in idiomatic expressions in Czech and Japanese
Doucková, Ilona ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
and Keywords The aim of this thesis is comparison of 6 selected somatic words (head, eye, nose, ear, mouth, heart) in Czech and Japanese idioms based on the data collected from available idiomatic dictionaries in both languages. The theoretical part explains the approach to idiomatic and phraseological units in Japanese and Czech language (definition and characteristic features of idioms including their classification), followed by presenting the cognitive methodology used for analyzing the corpus incorporating semantic categories for idiom classification based on their somatic words in a role of idiom components. The practical part is structured into chapters focusing on the selected somatic words successively, where a dictionary definition precedes the introduction of semenatic categories for each somatic word, including the background information for practical use of those idioms. The final part presents the summary of the semantic class analysis limited to gathered idiomatic data, and conclusions that we could reach after the analysis was completed. Keywords: idioms, Japanese idioms, Czech idioms, cognitive linguistics, semantic categories, somatic words, human body
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Polysemy of Japanese V-V compound verbs- a corpus analysis
Nohejl, Adam ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Rosen, Alexandr (referee)
The thesis analyses Japanese verb-verb compound verbs using a corpus in order to build a pedagogical word list of these verbs accounting for their polysemy. First, the typology and characteristics of Japanese compound verbs are discussed. The following review of pedagogical resources identifies the need for a list of compound verbs and their senses based on frequency criteria. A methodology for creating the word list and assessing its utility to learners is discussed with attention to the characteristics of the Japanese language. The resulting word list based on a corpus analysis (included in the appendix) consists of 37 compound verbs, out of which 32 are lexical, includes 45 senses of lexical compound verbs. It covers 17.95 % of the lexical compound verb occurrences, which is proportional to covering 85 % verbs overall. Finally, the quantitative characteristics of Japanese compound verbs and English phrasal verbs are compared. The comparison shows that the Japanese compound verbs are more frequent and diverse and therefore also likely to be an major stumbling block for language learners.
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Register defining character of a Jovial Osakan in contemporary Japanase novels and their Czech translations
Vrbovský, Matej ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Weber, Michael (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to address the issue regarding successful translation of yakuwarigo, Japanese character defining register, to Czech language. This study is based on the assumption that yakuwarigo used to describe the literary character of a "jovial Osakan" is derived from an existing regional variation of Japanese language, namely the Kansai region dialect, and that the specific traits it refers to are based on historical and cultural facts of the said region. In this aspect the role defining register of "Osakan" is superimposing with the notion of social deixis, interpreted in a broader sense. This overlap thus enables to pursue the issue with the help of literature regarding translation of dialects. This thesis treats translation from a descriptive standpoint and evaluates the successfulness of existing Czech translations, defined here as the extent of transmission of comparable non-language information (i.e. social deictic meaning) present in the source language original to target language translation, by the means of an public inquiry. The final results of this thesis should be able to provide instrumental information and used as a reference in the selection process of a suitable translation strategy in the case of translating a Japanese character defining language means into Czech...
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