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Malnutrition - Causes nad Preventive Measures
Veselá, Kristýna ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jambor, Daniel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of malnutrition, its causes and prevention. The aim of this thesis is to find out, wheter the respondetns of the questionnaire survey prevent by their habits the development of malnutrition. The number of participants of this survey is 347 in productive age, women are 212 and men are 135. In the theoretical part of this thesis, there is a desription of the importance of nutritents (macronutrients and micronutrients), there are also desription od nutrition intake disorder and their causes (health, psychical, social, lifestyle factors) and prevention, especially nutritional recommendations. The practical part of this thesis analyzes data obtained by the survey using quantitative method. The questionnare is devided into three parts: anthropometric, factors of life-style, factors of health status. Based on the results of analysis of questionare, it was found that most of the respondents neither men nor women do prevent the development of malnutrtion by behavioral habits, women are better in terms of lifestyle factors. Key words Nutrition, malnutrition, obesity, undernutrition, prevention
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Milk and dairy products and their perception by young adults
Valchová, Jana ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Hásková, Aneta (referee)
Early adulthood is a period of peak bone mass formation, which is one of the basics in prevention of osteoporosis onset in older age. Milk and dairy products intake as a source of well-absorbed calcium is still very substantial at this age, as it was in the previous period of adolescence. However, it is also often a time of finding a person's own diet and a time of eliminating certain food groups from the diet, which is often due to succumbuing to widespread myths. Thus, milk is one of the most controversial foods for the public. The aim of the questionnaire research, which was part of the thesis, was to find out, how many young adults believe and succumb to these myths. Questions were asked about eating habits and respondents' views on the health benefits of milk. The survey shows that a significant percentage of them are misinformed by such myths and exclude milk from their diet, often for no reason. Although campaigns to promote milk consumption are still ongoing and have undoubtedly had a positive effect on public perception of the benefits of milk, it is certain that this activity needs to be continued and myths (not only) about milk still need to be debunked. keywords: milk, dairy products, early adulthood, myths, peak bone mass, calcium
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Protein focused dietary intake of general wards patients
Kulichová, Štěpánka ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: The dietary intake of the elderly, especially the protein intake, is very important as to avoid any complications and for the proper course of hospitalization. Prerequisite for this thesis is that within the general ward we can mostly find elderly patients, therefore, this thesis is focused also on the topic of malnutrition. Malnutrition is very closely connected to the elderly and generally to the dietary intake during hospitalization. Aim: The main aim of this thesis is to outline and review the actual amount of consumed energy and protein of elderly patients in hospitals. The amount is determined by an analysis of returned food and is compared to the recommended intake of energy and protein for individual patients. The objective is also to evaluate possible reasons for the low food intake concerning certain patients. Methods: The energy and protein intake were assessed by the analysis of patient's returned food and then calculated in the nutritional application Nutriservis. The potential reasons for the low food intake concerning the elderly patients were assessed by surveys using frequential, closed-ended questions. A part of the survey was focused on the diet during the stay in the hospital, the other part was inspired by the scale of MNA screening and it was aimed at the BMI...
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Whey-based enteral nutrition and its effect on glycemic variability in intensive care
Jirků, Jitka ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
Background: The most patients in intensive care experience hyperglycemia. These may include patients with pre-existing diabetes or stress hyperglycemia as an organism's offense reaction. Our aim is not only to correct this hyperglycemia early by a reserve, but also to prevent acceleration of hyperglycemia above their commended level. In addition to insulin, the correct choice of enteral nutrition can prevent not only hyperglycemia but also glycemic variability, which seems to be a much greater risk for these patients than stable tolerable hyperglycemia. In addition to diabetic-specific formulas, whey-based enteral nutrition can support our pursuit of optimal glycemia, due to its insulinotropic effect and its ability to stimulate incretin release. Much evidence will still be needed to confirm these benefits, but we can already look at whey not only as a source of quality protein, but also as a diet with a potential to limit glycemic variability. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of enteral nutrition based on whey (Peptamen Intense) on parameters associated with the assessment of glycemia in intensive care patients. Assess whether there is a relationship between the variables and draw conclusions with possible application in practice. Methods: Thirty-seven patients were...
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Physiological nutrition of adolescents and their knowledge of principles of healthy eating
Fialová, Anežka ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Krausová, Adela (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of Physiological nutrition of adolescents and their knowledge of healthy eating principles and habits. The theoretical part of this paper defines the term adolescence and explains the characteristics of this period in one's life. It focuses on the physiological nutrition issue of this developmental period and all of the fundamental parts of nutrition are mentioned and studied. Another confronted issue is the problematic eating in adolescents, the risks alternative diets may bring, and the appearance of obesity and food intake disorders. In the practical part I investigated how informed Czech high school student are about the principles of healthy eating habits. The investigation sums up results of a quantitive method using a questionnaire. 45 high school students participated in the study; they were all in their last year of Czech high school. The hypotheses involved aspects of important components of the diet. The study presents the raw knowledge students obtain during their lives about a healthy diet. The results show that there are only a few areas of nutrition where the students are informed, nevertheless, there are other areas little to no information is passed on to the students inside the schools curriculum. In general, the results are reasonably positive,...
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Education in the company Sellier & Bellot a.s.
Křížová, Jana ; Šafránková, Jana Marie (advisor) ; Tureckiová, Michaela (referee)
This rigorous thesis deals with an education system in the company Sellier & Bellot a.s.. The goal of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate the strategy and politics in the educational department of Sellier & Bellot a.s. and then to offer solutions to improve educational system of the company. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on company education from the point of view of educational area, requirements and factors of company education. Furthermore, there are described phases of company education. In the practical part of this thesis is an introduction of the company Sellier & Bellot a.s. Through an analysis of company documents, interviews with the heads of the company and employee questionnaires are established the rates of chosen educational factors of employees of the company. Based on these results are offered solutions to improve contentment of the employees with the educational system of this company.
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Fiber intake in developed countries and possibilities for its increase in population
Ježková, Kristýna ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Křížová, Jarmila (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with fiber intake and possibilities of its increase. The main aim of the thesis is to evaluate the actual intake of fiber in the population and to find out whether people actually know what fiber is and what should be its daily intake. The theoretical part is focused on fiber itself. It describes its characteristics, distribution, properties and sources. The effect of fiber on human health and the consequences of insufficient or excessive fiber intake are discussed as well. The practical part is focused on the real intake of fiber in the population. It is done in the form of a questionnaire survey, in which I try to find out what knowledge of fiber people have, but also how often they consume foods containing fiber. Most of the questionnaires were handed out to customers of one unnamed pharmacy and healthy nutrition center in Prague and other passers-by. Altogether, I managed to collect 84 questionnaires. The questionnaire results show that vast majority of respondents have an idea of what fiber is and which foods contain it most; however, they do not know what the recommended daily intake is. Still, half of the respondents think their diet includes enough fiber. The fiber intake in men and women was not much different. The most significant difference was in the...
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Quality of life and development of nutritional status of patiens on home parenteral nutrition
Vítková, Martina ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
My Bachelor thesis focuses on life quality evaluation and nutritional status development in patients on a home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Theoretical part focuses on general information about patient examination after their arrival in a hospital. It further focuses on indication, division, composition and complications of parenteral nutrition and it gives a brief summary of basic knowledge about parenteral nutrition applied in home environment. HPN is most often recommended in patients with short bowel syndrom, ileus or some oncological diseases. The main expected benefit of HPN is an option for the patient to persist at home surrounded by family as opposed to being in a hospital. Even though HPN still comes with many complications, these patients still have a chance to live a relatively normal life. Two goals were set to evaluate the practical part of the thesis. First goal is to assesses the quality of life of patients on HPN and to determine whether the quality of life is changed and if so then how. Second goal is to describe the change of nutritional status in patients on home parenteral nutrition. These goals were achieved by using research questions focused on determining patient's feelings, health complications, ability to take part in physical activity and to integrate back into their work...
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Awareness of hospital staff in respect of nutrition in connection with education
Boukalová, Michaela ; Nováková, Alena (advisor) ; Křížová, Jarmila (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on hospital staff and their nutrition awareness in relation to their education. The aim of the thesis is to map the nutrition awareness of the employees in the hospital. Compare how the knowledge of the hospital dietary system differs among the staff with basic, secondary and tertiary education. Compare how the knowledge of healthy eating principles differs among the hospital staff with primary, secondary and tertiary education. Find out from employees what they think affects their eating habits and adherence to the principles of healthy eating. The theoretical part deals with the general meaning of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other important substances for the organism. Furthermore, it deals with recommendations for healthy and balanced eating, nutrient supplementation, tips for a balanced diet, dietary measures for selected diseases and the consequences of poor nutrition on the human body. Last but not least, the dietary system and diets are mentioned in the work. A questionnaire survey method was used to draw up the practical part, where 168 employees were involved. The research group was made up of randomly selected hospital staff in different age categories with different education. The research group was divided into 3 groups by education. Then, these three...
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