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The influence of carcinogenic infectious agents on cancer incidence in Czechia in 2018
Jančura, Václav ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hejtmánková, Alžběta (referee)
The main goal of this diploma thesis is to estimate the influence of carcinogenic infectious agents on the cancer incidence in Czechia in 2018, including the difference among sexes, age groups, the development over time and the placement in global context of its problematics. The thesis also aims to analyse the share of individual carcinogenic infectious agents on cancer incidence in Czechia in 2018. In the analytical part, the method of population attributable fraction and age-standardized incidence rates were used. The analysed data came from the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic and the Czech Statistical Office. One of the main conclusions is that the influence of carcinogenic infectious agents on cancer incidence in Czechia in 2018 was low, which corresponded with the typical influence for one of the most developed countries in the world. The most frequent carcinogenic infectious agent was human papillomavirus, followed by Helicobacter pylori. The carcinogenic infectious agents had a greater effect on cancer incidence among women. Between 1978 and 2018, there was a significant reduction of the influence of carcinogenic infectious agents on cancer incidence. Keywords: cancer, incidence, carcinogenic infectious agents, population attributable fraction
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Development of population age structure in Litoměřice in postsocialist period
Jančura, Václav ; Pospíšilová, Lucie (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
In the socialist era, the historical centre and the inner city of Litoměřice were neglected. The development of the town was focused on the development of blocks of flats, which provided facilities especially for young families with small children. In 1989, the socialist regime collapsed in Czechoslovakia, which led to the democratization of the Litoměřice society. Socialist blocks of flats lost their attractiveness of housing. The youngest parts of the city became rapidly ageing. On the other hand, the neglected historical centre and also the inner city of Litoměřice underwent the process of revitalization after 1989. Newly reconstructed apartments became places for life of many young people, thus the process of demographic ageing of these parts of the city has been slowed down. The spatially differentiated age structure of the Litoměřice population has changed since 1989 due to the process of the second demographic transition, demographic ageing and new urban processes. The aim of the thesis is therefore to describe and explain the evolution of the age structure of Litoměřice and its spatial differentiation in post-socialist period. Keywords: age structure, second demographic transition, demographic ageing, revitalization, postsocialist period, Litoměřice
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