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The Belgian French speaking literature and its Czech receipt
Pytlová, Kateřina ; Jamek, Václav (referee) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to formulate the theoretical grounds of the conception of the French written Belgian literature. First of all its historical evolution and the periods of its delimitation from the French literature was sketched. Further the French written Belgian literature was used as a model example of minority literature phenomenon: the concept minority is used, in this context, to describe a literary unit whose function is made more difficult according to its dependence to the French literary centre. The phases of the Belgian literature vary by their approach to the literary centre and the degree of their ability of independence. The final part of thesis is engaged in the common strategies of reception related to the Belgian literature. The example of the Czech reception of the French written Belgian literature is represented by the summary of the four different types of poetic anthologies edited in the course of the 20th century.
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The relation between style and sense in Gustave Flaubert's Sentimental Education
Javůrková, Jana ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee) ; Jamek, Václav (advisor)
This thesis examines the conception of style in Sentimental Education as a pure formal beauty. The first part of the study traces the evolution of this conception by analysing the thought of several critics : A. Thibaudet, R. Barthes, L. Cellier and J.-P. Duquette. This analysis leads us to claim that the conception of style as an ornament is conditioned by a certain interpretation of the novel : the fact that Frédéric and his friends have not brought their efforts to a close is considered as a failure and Flaubert is branded as a pessimist. Since the examined critics are annoyed by this in-achievement of the narrated tasks, they need to compensate it with something achieved : a perfect beauty. Thus, it's a desire of the absolute that shows through this conception of style. Postulating that style and sense are two inseparable phenomena, the second part of the study shows that this desire is exactly what the novel seeks to dissuade us from. Our analysis reveals in the text a systematic use of irony, which suggests the destruction of the missions imposed to the characters at the same time that these are narrated to us. Thus, the aspirations for the absolute (for the unity) are esposed through the expectations of the reader.
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The development of the picture of the heroine in French novels of the XIIth and XIIIth centuries
Plotzová, Kateřina ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Jamek, Václav (referee) ; Kyloušek, Petr (referee)
The main theme of medieval novels such as Tristan, Cligs, Yvain, Lancelot, Jaufre and Flamenca is called fine amor, a pure love that represents the ideal of the love relation between the lady and her knight, both of aristocratic origins. Heroines such as Iseut, Fénice, Laudine, Guenivre, Brunissen and Flamenca represent women for whom love is the fundamental value even if each one of them have their own way to live it. The Lady s character is not only influenced by the Celtic mythology, but also by the following of the Virgin Mary which developed during the 12th Century alongside the Courtly love. Neverthless, there is no need to identify fine amor with the mystic love, because it represents, as well as Lady, the ideal of the Knighthood and not one of the Clergy. Iseut is torn between her husband and her lover, between her social obligations as a queen and the demands of her heart. She lives in conflict with society and with her own conscience. Her fault is diminished by the fact that her love for Tristan is ignited by a magic beverage they drink together on the sea (without knowing it is a magic drink), although this doesn't make her entirely innocent. Much like Eve, Iseut is a sinner that symbolizes the 12th century woman. Her character is further enhanced by the presence of Brangien, her maid, and...
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The decline of courtly love ideal in the prose of 15th century
Novotná, Hana ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
This study, entitled ''The Dechne of Courtly Love Ideal in the Prose of 15th century", examines the origins, evolution, and the eventual dechne of courtly love. The Mal period is illustrated by Antoine de la Sale's piece from the mid-fifteenth century, fehan de Saintré. The first part introduces various theories of the origin of courtly love. Denis de Rougemonťs controversial theory of the religious origin of courtly love is presented in more detail, and compared to other, more c1assical theories. The fundamentals of courtly love as described in The Romance oj the Rose are compared to those in De Amore by Andreas Capellanus. The uptake of courtly ideals by pro se, as well as their further deve1opment, especially in nove1s, are also treated. The second part outlines two principal perspectives of the literary theory on fehan de Saintré. In particular, the consideration of this piece as a nostalgic remembrance of the vanishing fame of courtly love is contrasted with the interpretation of fehan de Saintré as a portrait of Jehan's successful chivalric career. The detailed study of the sections relevant to the "courtoise" reveals the latter theory to be more persuasive.
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Metamorphosis of the feminine body in the contemporary French literature
Grochol, Jana ; Jamek, Václav (referee) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor)
The present study focuses on the problematics of perception of the bodily image as it appears in a women-written corpus. The theme of the metamorphosing female body has been investigated in three contemporary French novels : Biographie de Za faim by Amélie Nothomb, Truismes by Marie Darrieussecq and Rosie Carpe by Marie NDiaye. All written by female authors around the same age, these novels report on what it is like being a woman in a postmodern world. The female heroes are confronted with their own bodily self and the long-standing tradition of a male-dominated society. These testimonies, that comprise traumatising bodily experiences and difficult relationships with others, contribute to forge the feminine identity. The three female protagonists of the investigated corpus embark on an identity quest. They struggle against the established order to find their place in the society. Nothomb's narrator thematizes the difficult passage from a child to an adult body which imposes the body /mind separation on women. She perceives this transformation as a traumatizing experience of loss and denies it by confining her body. In a revulsion towards the adult female body anorexia is an attempt to defeat abjection. The hero of Truismes, on the other hand, constitutes an incarnation of the abject body. Providing a...
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French holocaust literature: testimonies on (not) experienced
Machovská, Veronika ; Jamek, Václav (referee) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor)
The World War II represents a huge turning point in the modern history of humankind. Its particularity, which consists first of all in the system of concentration camps and the genocide of Jewish people, caused the creation of a new literary genre - the Holocaust literature. The objective of this thesis is to present this specific genre, its origins and evolution in France, as well as its most important French authors. The first part of the thesis tries to elucidate some of the particular aspects of this literature. It speaks not only about the influence of history and evolution of the postwar society on this genre or about questions that are closely associated with it, but also about the difficulty to define the holocaust literature itself. From a number of definitions that exist, we have chosen for the purposes of this thesis the one that includes all the texts on the concentration camps and the Holocaust (even the fictional ones) under the condition that they have an artistic, literary quality. The second part of the thesis presents an overview of the evolution of the French Holocaust literature and its writers. We speak about the authors of the first generation (mostly the survivors, for example Robert Antelme, David Rousset, Elie Wiesel or Charlotte Delbo) as well as about the authors of the second...
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Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau: Les Pléiades
Čermák, Břetislav ; Jamek, Václav (referee) ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor)
This thesis is devoted to the most important prosaic work of J.-A. Gobineau, the novel Sons of Kings. Its aim is to give a detailed description of the eponymous characters which the author considers to be the elite of mankind. The thesis is divided into three parts: each chapter regards the exceptional nature of the sons of kings from different points of view. By paying attention to individual levels in the piece we are trying to define the common basis of the exceptionality of the sons of kings. The first chapter treats the racial theories of Gobineau. The novel is put into context with one other piece by the same writer, An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races. We illustrate that on the racial level the exceptionality of the sons of kings is due to certain inborn capabilities that are shared by all descendants of Germanic kings; at the same time we clarify the relationship between the notions of nobility and race. The second chapter discusses the relationship between the individual and society. Special attention is paid to the influence of environment on the intellectual and emotional evolution of mankind. We also focus on the question of confronting the alternative as a means of self-discovery. The specific quality of the sons of kings lies in their freedom of judgment, which allows them to stand...
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African tales in French literature
Holubová, Kateřina ; Jamek, Václav (referee) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá rolí afrických pohádek ve francouzské literatuře. Předmětem zkoumání jsou podmínky přenosu tradiční ústní literatury na francouzský knižní trh a význam afrických pohádek pro francouzské čtenáře. V prvních dvou částech práce je načrtnut přehled teorií zabývajících se původem pohádek. Poté je zkoumáno, jaký význam má ústní tradice pro africkou společnost a jaká je role vypravěčů-griotů. Následuje kapi - tola o morfologii, která se věnuje nejen vlastní struktuře pohádek a opakujícím se motivům, ale i klasifikaci jejich obsahu. Podrobněji je popsána skupina pohádek, ve kterých malé děti vystupují jako hlavní hrdinové. V další části práce je vylíčena si tuace na francouzském knižním trhu a je charakterizován typ produkce, na který se nakladatelé orientují. Poté je zmíněna role pohádky ve vztahu ke kulturní diverzitě. Je zjišťováno, co tato literatura přináší francouzskému publiku s francouzskými kořeny a co publ iku pocházejícímu z imigrantského prost ředí. Vzhledem k ústnímu charakteru pohádek se jedna z kapitol věnuje i charakteristice vypravěčů působících na francouzské kul turní scéně. St ručně je nastíněna historie vypravěčské profese a její proměny.
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Relation of French literature critique to author's biography
Trachtová, Anna ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
Položme si otázku vztahu autorské biografie a díla. Co způsobuje znalost či neznalost autorova životopisu při četbě jeho děl? Do jaké míry ovlivňují životopisná fakta interpretaci díla? Pozměňují ji kvalitativně? Umožňují nám tato fakta hlubší pochopení samotného díla, nebo od něj naopak pouze odvádějí pozornost? V různých obdobích literární kritiky byla tato problematika nazírána jinak. A leckdy je odlišnost přístupů jednotlivých kritiků a škol zásadní. Při rozboru literárních děl se pozornost pohybovala od jednoho k druhému extrému osy autor - dílo. V jistých obdobích literární kritiky se striktně vycházelo ze životopisu autora a jeho osobnosti, zásadní význam byl připisován okolnostem vzniku díla, společenské situaci a historicky daným skutečnostem. Jindy se od postavy autora zcela odhlíželo, tato fakta byla nazývána biografickým klamem, souvztažnosti mezi dílem a autorovými životními zkušenostmi byly zcela opomíjeny a pozornost byla zaměřena pouze na samotný, izolovaný text, přičemž biografické studium bylo považováno za faktografický pozůstatek pozitivismu a jeho přístupu k umění. V posledních letech upíná literární teorie svou pozornost stále častěji ke čtenáři a čtenářské kompetenci. Rovněž v literární kritice hraje svou významnou roli pro nazírání na jednotlivé texty rozšíření osy autor - dílo na...
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Maryse Condé and her novels Heremakhonon and Moi, Tituba sorcière... Noire de Salem
Hauner, Andrew Jan ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (referee)
The purpose of this paper is to analyze Heremakhonon (1976) and Moi, Tituba sorcière… Noire de Salem (1986), the first novel and the most successful novel, respectively, of Maryse Condé (born 1937), one of the most influential figures of 20th century francophone literature (who is as of yet nearly entirely unknown to Czech contexts and whose work has not been translated into Czech). The underlying formal element connecting these novels, i.e. a narrating protagonist, is presented as both an individual and collective identity quest, during which Maryse Condé, for (im)personal reasons, problematizes certain theoretical paradigms of identity.
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