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Northern Bohemia as a potential distribution area of the genus Tuber including summer truffles (Tuber aestivum)
Šťovíček, Václav ; Gryndler, Milan (advisor) ; Jablonský, Ivan (referee)
Truffles are economically important fungi that are naturally present in the territory of the Czech Republic. Their geographical distribution is traditionally documented by the field incidence of fruitbodies. Advanced detection methods, however, enabled us to detect the presence of Tuber spp. at localities without a need for finding the underground fruitbodies. In this work, a molecular genetic detection method based on the polymerase chain reaction with specific primers was used. It enables us to determine the occurrence of members of the genus Tuber including Tuber aestivum in the studied samples. Members of the genus Tuber were detected in 67 cases out of a total of 190 samples. Highly probably, Tuber borchii, Tuber foetidum, Tuber rufum, Tuber dryophilum, Tuber umbilicatum, Tuber huidongense, Tuber oligospermum and Tuber aestivum have been detected. Since the sequence similarity with the closest species is relatively low in some cases, some of the obtained sequences might belong to hitherto unknown truffle species. Environmental factors analyzed explain only a small portion of the variability, acted weakly and cannot be taken as decisive for the presence or the absence of a species in a sample. The occurrence of truffles in the slopes of the study area was noted and it seems to be still more...
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Northern Bohemia as a potential distribution area of the genus Tuber including summer truffles (Tuber aestivum)
Šťovíček, Václav ; Gryndler, Milan (advisor) ; Jablonský, Ivan (referee)
Truffles are economically important fungi that are naturally present in the territory of the Czech Republic. Their geographical distribution is traditionally documented by the field incidence of fruitbodies. Advanced detection methods, however, enabled us to detect the presence of Tuber spp. at localities without a need for finding the underground fruitbodies. In this work, a molecular genetic detection method based on the polymerase chain reaction with specific primers was used. It enables us to determine the occurrence of members of the genus Tuber including Tuber aestivum in the studied samples. Members of the genus Tuber were detected in 67 cases out of a total of 190 samples. Highly probably, Tuber borchii, Tuber foetidum, Tuber rufum, Tuber dryophilum, Tuber umbilicatum, Tuber huidongense, Tuber oligospermum and Tuber aestivum have been detected. Since the sequence similarity with the closest species is relatively low in some cases, some of the obtained sequences might belong to hitherto unknown truffle species. Environmental factors analyzed explain only a small portion of the variability, acted weakly and cannot be taken as decisive for the presence or the absence of a species in a sample. The occurrence of truffles in the slopes of the study area was noted and it seems to be still more...
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Substrate processing for cultivation of Hericium erinaceus with different supplements and heat treatments
Sobotová, Radmila ; Jablonský, Ivan (advisor) ; David, David (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to determine if the substrate treatment with temperature lower than 100°C could replace the sterilization at 120°C. Another task was to compare different types of substrates and supplements.
For the substrate treatment were selected temperatures of 90°C for 48 hours, 90°C for 20 hours, 121°C for 2 hours, 80°C for 20 hours and 70°C for 24 hours. The treatment with temperature lower than 100°C could replace the sterilization at 120°C.
In the experiments were used substrates compound of beech sawdust or straw pellets supplemented by wheat bran or wheat groats. The research was also focused to influence of substrate fermentation on growth characteristics of Hericium erinaceus. The most suitable substrate for mycelium growth and subsequent fructification of Hericium erinaceus were beech sawdust. Faster mycelial growth and higher yield of fruiting body were achieved in the case of supplemented substrate of sawdust beech by wheat bran or wheat groats. There were observed no effects of fermentation substrates on mycelium growth of Hericium erinaceus.
Another part of the research was dedicated to mycelium growth and fructification of Hericium coralloides. The best substrate for Hericium coralloides is beech sawdust without supplements.
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Influence of environmental conditions on relation between Pleurotus ostreatus, Trichoderma pleuroti and mikrobiota in substrate
Wiesnerová, Lucie ; Jablonský, Ivan (advisor) ; Radomír, Radomír (referee)
Cultivation of edible mushrooms in the world is becoming increasingly popular. People are increasingly aware of their positive effects and therefore are mushrooms used not only in restaurants but also increasingly in human and veterinary medicine. With their growing, but also associated infestation of cultivated cultures of mushrooms by pests and diseases. The farms are most often appear green mold of the genus Trichoderma which cause considerable losses. When growing oyster mushroom is the biggest problem Trichoderma pleuroti, the cultivation of Agaricus is a Trichoderma aggressivum. Therefore, the research of protection against these fungi and important in recent years, importance.
Presented work studies the tolerance selected strains of Pleurotus ostreatus against Trichoderma pleuroti and different heat treatments of the substrate. In experiments was examined relationship between Pleurotus ostreatus, Trichoderma pleuroti and Bacillus subtilis, as well as various forms of heat treatment of the substrate and its enrichment. The experiments were statistically analyzed using ANOVA.
In the case of a common growth Trichoderma pleuroti and Bacillus subtilis was Trichoderma pleuroti considerably restricted, especially in the case of surface inoculation of Bacillus subtilis. Also in a common growth of Bacillus subtilis and Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus growth was limited by surface inoculation of Bacillus subtilis was to restrict the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus pronounced.
In the case of the fermentation substrate and subsequent heat treatment, it was found that the enrichment of the substrate and its subsequent fermentation treatment is not suitable for the growth of mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus. In case the substrate has been infected Trichoderma pleuroti the most appropriate treatment showed fermentation substrate and subsequent heat treatment at 60 ° C. Adding mingled substrate is not proved crucial for the growth of mycelium Pleurotus ostreatus.
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Influence of the substrate treatment and the temperature on development of the Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus nebrodensis culture
Otradovcová, Šárka ; Jablonský, Ivan (advisor) ; Rudolf, Rudolf (referee)
Objective of this diploma thesis was to select the most appropriate composition and thermal treatment of a substrate and the optimal temperature for planting and development of the sporocarps of mushrooms Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus nebrodensis.
Within the objective of this thesis there was a hypothesis that different levels of the thermal treatment of a substrate have an impact on the colonization of such substrate by mycelium and subsequent crop of sporocarps Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus nebrodensis and that within those selected strains there can be found a strain which tolerates temperatures in a grow room above 15 °C.
Straw pellets, beech sawdust, spruce sawdust and Douglas tree sawdust were selected as substrates for the growth of sporocarps P. eryngii and P. nebrodensis. Some substrates were enhanced by a wheat bran or coniferous sawdust was fermented without and with 5% fugate.
Obtained data were statistically processed using the Statistica (StatSoft) programme by the ANOVA method. Statistical assessment of results is presented graphically in the thesis.
Results of the experiment proved that Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus nebrodensis have the highest growth of their sporocarps on the substrate from fermented coniferous sawdust with added fugate.
The results further shown that the mushrooms had higher growth when they were on the substrate without a wheat bran compared to the substrate with a wheat bran, which was even more prone to its contamination.
Optimal temperature for planting and development of the sporocarps Pleurotus eryngii was determined to be 12 - 15 °C. There were significant differences in the fructification of P. eryngii and P. nebrodensis which produced only minimal crop. Duration of a growing cycle of Pleurotus eryngii was 72 - 134 days. Development of sporocarps lasted 11 - 21 days.
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Substrates colonised by wood-inhabiting mycelia mushrooms and their technical utilization
Holejšovská, Eva ; Jablonský, Ivan (advisor) ; Súkeníková, Tereza (referee)
Cultivation of edible and medicinal mushrooms become of increasing importance worldwide. Fungi used as foods but also assist in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this thesis was to prove that mushrooms may have technical applications. It was founded several attempts. Attempts have been founded on a substrate of straw pellets. The pellets had to be thoroughly pulverize the presence of water, at the most granular, in order to equalize the penetration of mushroom mycelia. Were observed following factors: growth rate, mycelium strength and thermal conductivity. The first two experiments were focused on the penetration rate, where it was found that mycelium grows fastest Lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), and Trametes versicolor (Trametes versicolor). One attempt was aimed at creating a bottle holder and lamp shades. At this experiment was used oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). It was found that oyster with sufficient ingrowth without contamination creates strong mycelium can be used as packaging material. The theoretical part will learn about growing mushrooms selected, their appearance, and their medicinal effects of other cultivated species. Researched mushrooms were oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), Lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), Ohňovec pine (Phellinus pini), Trametes versicolor (Trametes versicolor) and Lentinula edodes.
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