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English as Lingua Franca in Cyprus after 2003: Questions of identity
Savoglu, Mustafa ; Ira, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Czoch, Gábor (referee) ; Sherman, Tamah (referee)
As a multilingual and multicultural island, Cyprus has been segregated based on religion, identities, communities, and nationalities. In 1974, this segregation became a physical division of the island. After twenty-nine years of division, in 2003 April 23rd , the borders or in other words, the check-points were opened, and the two biggest communities of the island; Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, have been put in contact again. The phenomenon that the both communities were put in contact again also brought the question of language along with. This thesis investigates the evolution of the language policies and planning (LPP) in Cyprus. This research has found that since the beginning of the first crossings, English language has been functioning as Lingua franca, and being spread across the divide. The research analyzes the evolution of the LPP under three categories; A) Politics and Language Policies and Planning in Cyprus, B) Civil Society and Language Policies and Planning in Cyprus, C) Education and Language Policies and Planning in Cyprus. The results of the research have shown that the both sides (North and South) are willing to achieve a Greek and Turkish bilingual Cyprus, whereas the current situation points out that the lack policies and planning along with cooperation between the two...
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The Social Spaces of Female Intellectual Careers in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Pest-Buda
Gyimesi, Emese ; Ira, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Szívós, Erika (referee)
The Social Spaces of Female Intellectual Careers in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Pest-Buda I examine three Hungarian female intellectual careers of the 19th century in the context of the urban and also the rural lifestyle. I focus on the role of Pest-Buda in the professions of female writers, editors and actresses. Therefore, the subjects of the three case studies are the representatives of these professions: Júlia Szendrey (1828 - 1868) as poet, writer and translator, Emília Kánya (1828 - 1905) as the first female editor of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and Kornélia Prielle (1826 - 1906) as successful actress who experienced significant alterations in the assessment of her profession. My main research questions are the following: What was the role of the countryside and Pest-Buda in the female intellectual careers in the 19th century? How did the intellectual women use the urban space in Pest-Buda? What was the role of the first female intellectual professions (writer, editor, and actress) in the urban society? The main sources of the research are the so-called ego-documents (autobiographies, memoires, diaries, correspondences) as well as press products which were mediums of the contemporary debates about the female roles and professions. My primary goal is to reconsider the questions about the...
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Iconography and Nationalism: The Comparison of the First World War Memorials in Budapest and Prague
Kocsis, Andrea ; Ira, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Verdier, Nicolas (referee) ; Pótó, János (referee)
IN ENGLISH Iconography and Nationalism: The comparison of the First World War memorials in Budapest and Prague The purpose of the present thesis is to compare the national iconography appearing on Czech and Hungarian WW1 memorials. The political power symbolically occupied the public spaces by the WW1 memorials while expressing its national propaganda after the Great War. It was an attempt inducting sensitive questions since the dead heroes of the nation were dead sons of the families at the same time. For this reason the making of memorials is connected to individual and collective grief. This grief resulted in a glorious narrative in Czechoslovakia, while in Hungary th death of soldiers represented the death of the nation in the discourse on the political level. How can this process be expressed and how can it be researched? On the one hand, commemorations are situated in space, and space is an implicit content of WW1 memorials. As a consequence, it is important to analyse the spatial context of the monuments. On the other hand, the explicit content of the monuments is their visuality. In order to analyse and compare the iconographies, it is useful to transform the symbols into a countable form by applying the content analysis method. Furthermore, for interpreting the symbols, it is necessary to...
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Paris in the French, Czech and American tourist guidebooks (1918-1939)
Rudová, Lenka ; Ira, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kubišová, Vlasta (referee) ; Verdier, Nicolas (referee) ; Czoch, Gábor (referee)
in English This Master's Thesis deals with guidebooks about Paris published in France, Czechoslovakia and the United States of America between the years 1918-1939. It analyses how the French capital city is presented in the guidebooks and how far the representation differs according to the country of publishing. The first two chapters deal with the modern history of tourism up until the interwar period and with the formation of major collections of guidebooks. The following chapters use a comparative perspective to analyse three major aspects of tourist guidebooks about Paris: itineraries; recommended places and monuments (the so-called "must- sees"); and global images of Paris. The analysis reveals that the country of publishing had only a limited impact on the content of the guidebooks; rather, the books largely respected established rules and patterns within the genre. Key words: tourism, guidebook, Paris, interwar period, representation, image of the city Résumé en français Ce mémoire de master analyse des guides touristiques de Paris publiés en France, en Tchécoslovaquie et aux États-Unis entre 1918 et 1939. Le mémoire étudie de quelle façon la capitale de la France était présentée dans les guides et quelles étaient les différences de cette représentation en fonction du pays d'origine publiant...
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Transformations of the Public Space in Košice between 1918 and 1945
Bírešová, Tatiana ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Ira, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis attempted to reconstruct and subsequently analyze transformation of the public space of Košice between 1918 and 1945. Main focus of the work was put on the overlapping of Slovak respectively Czechoslovak official state narrative with Hungarian, respectively Austro-Hungarian story in the field of the public space of the city. Text has focused primarily on the way how names of the streets and squares had been changed and how the construction resp. destruction of statues and monuments took place in public space. Particular cases of changes has been examined and criticized for their symbolic significance for a given state ideology.
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The representation of the national minorities of Hungary in the historiography of the dualistic era (1867-1918)
Tarafás, Imre ; Ira, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Czoch, Gábor (referee)
The representation of the national minorities of Hungary in the historiography of the dualistic era (1867-1918) Imre Tarafás Abstract One of the most problematic questions of Hungarian politics during the dualistic era (1867-1918) was the policy towards national minorities. The population of five nationalities reached or even exceeded one million each. These minorities were not only large in population, but they were also touched by nationalist ideologies, as a result, they declared themselves nations which the Hungarian legislation was not willing to accept. In addition, most of these minorities had federative, or even separatist aims. The 19th century also saw the birth of history as a scientific discipline. Professional historians all over Europe had a crucial task: by construction a national history narrative, they had to legitimize the existence of their nation. This meant that the pas had to be presented as a process which inevitably led to the formation of the 19th century's nation sate. Additionally, history served as a basis for both the Magyars and the nationalities in their argumentation. The central question of the paper is how Magyar historians integrated the national minorities of the country into a national history narrative. The problem is studied in five syntheses on Hungarian history...
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"Serbian" Cultural Events in Buda and Pest between 1860 and 1867
Tömöry, Miklós ; Ira, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Erdösi, Péter (referee)
"Serbian" Cultural Events in Buda and Pest between 1860 and 1867 Miklós Tömöry (Erasmus Mundus Master "TEMA" - Budapest-Prague-Paris) Abstract Key terms: nationalism, Serbian history, Habsburg Empire, Buda and Pest, urban cultural milieus Situated at the very heart of the Habsburg-ruled Hungarian Kingdom, the twin cities of Buda and Pest played an important role as centres of modern Hungarian (Magyar) and Slavic national movements as well in the course of the nineteenth century. Public and semi-public urban spaces and institutions of the public sphere were used by members of the emerging Slovak, Serbian, Croatian national intelligentsias. Considering their importance in this earlier stage of nation building (and not primarily because of their overall ethnic composition) it is even possible to call Buda and Pest as "Slavic cities".1 These urban spaces had a specific role in the case of the Serbian national movement. In these cities institutions were founded which served as patterns for other national movements as well. During this period of time a vivid exchange of ideas between Hungarians and Serbs can be observed in the cities; multilingualism and even multiple identities were characteristic for the era. To describe complex cultural interrelations in the urban space the thesis will use the notion of urban...
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The historical symbolism in the education literature of Czechoslovak Legions
Purkert, Jan ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ira, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor's thesis contains an analysis of various modes of utilization of historical themes in educational literature, which was produced by Legionnaires, in the context of Legionnaire movement. The goal is to detect how and which motives are employed by Legionnaires for construction of their identity and explication of the context of their movement within the national history. The method of achieving this goal is to survey the distribution of historical themes among various types of titles. The results serve as a basis for setting the historical symbolism into the context of social life of legionnaires in the interwar period and for detection of factors, which determined its formulation with comparison of differences of usage between authors with different political convictions. The first section contains interpretation of the development of the Legionnaire movement in the wartime in relation to historical motives, the second in the interwar period in the context of production of legionnaire literature. The third section describes the content of historical symbolism.
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Kurdish Identity and The Revolutionary Left in Turkey From Eastern Question to Kurdish Question (1960-1990)
Hatapçı, Ali ; Ira, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Czoch, Gábor (referee)
This study is based on the relationship between the Kurds and the Left in Turkey between 1960s and 1990 in Turkey. The question of identity is discussed in terms of the continuities and ruptures in the discourse(s) of the Left in Turkey on the 'eastern question' and 'Kurdish (national) question' in this period. The main question of the research is how the Kurdish identity was constructed in the discourses of Yön, TKSP (Türkiye Kürdistanı Sosyalist Partisi - Turkish Kurdistan Socialist Party), and the PKK (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê - Kurdistan Workers' Party). Three sample publications/organizations representative of the leftist discourse in the period were selected to show the Left's treatment of the Kurdish question by using periodical publications, memoirs, clandestine organizational documents and through discourse analysis.
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Local and National Identity in Historical Monographs on Bohemian, Moravian and Galician Towns (1860-1900)
Ira, Jaroslav ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Štaif, Jiří (referee) ; Řezník, Miloš (referee)
The dissertation thesis deals with urban historical monographs that were published in 1860-1900 in Czech, German, and Polish language, and covered towns in Bohemia, Moravia, and Galicia. Adopting a broadly comparative perspective, the study focuses on the social dimension of the books through the lens of local and national identities. It presupposes that the urban histories essentially created local identities but at the same time makes a hypothesis that nationalization of society in the 19th century had significant impact on local urban history. The first chapter shows that the urban historiography in each of the regional-language spheres developed unevenly. One of the reasons was the different significance of towns and urban past in national thoughts. The following chapter analyses urban monographs as books. It poses questions about who wrote urban histories, with what intentions, and for what readership. It reveals that the books had essentially two roles: they served local purposes and at the same time they were integrated in the national programme The two remaining chapters deal with the analysis of historical representations. The fourth chapter compares urban histories with regard to periodization of urban past. It confirms that the national historical frame significantly influenced the ways...
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