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Biodegradability assessment of new types of lightweight polyurethanes
Tošovská, Kateřina ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Beneš, Hynek (referee)
The subject of the bachelor thesis is biological degradation (biodegradation) of new types of lightweight polyurethanes which were synthesized for an agriculture application. The theoretical part summarises the utilization and biodegradation principles of polyurethanes and it outlines standardised methods for quantification of biodegradability potential. The biodegradability potential of the new materials was tested respirometrically according to the standard D 5988 under laboratory conditions for 150 days. Cellulose (the positive control) was mineralised of 30,25±2,28 %. The best biodegradable material (PUR-B) was mineralised of 9,73±1,95 %. According to the procedure described in the standard D 5988 our results were undervalued. Consequently absorbed CO2 released from biodegradeble materials was stabilised by reaction with BaCl2. The reaciton is needed to interpret the results correctly. A screening method for a quick test of biodegradability was designed. It included biodegradation by bacterial inoculum in mineral medium. The availability of materials for microbial degradation was meassured as a time-dependent function of optical density. The non-biodegradable residual particles of plastics represent a potential risk for the environment. The issue of microplastics and their quantification was...
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Community vermicomposting of biodegradable municipal waste
Klubalová, Kateřina ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Hnátková, Tereza (referee)
The method of vermicomposting experiences a big boom nowadays. The people living in flats can process bio-waste, which they produce on their own. Therefore, the amount of biodegradable municipal waste contained in the dumped mixed municipal waste slightly reduces. In addition, people can benefit from high-quality products called vermicompost and its leachate called worm tea. In this work I summarize acquired knowledge about the vermicomposting focusing on kitchen waste, about conditions, which this method demands, about composition and the possibility of using the end products. Also, it is discussed which bio-waste is suitable for vermicomposting and what earthworm species can be used. The theoretical side of using worm tea in the hydroponic cultivation of plants is discussed. The toxicity of different concentrations of worm tea on a seeds of Sinapis Alba was tested in the experimental part. The concentration row 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; and 10,0 vol. % of four different samples of worm tea from different bio- waste was used. Distilled water was used as a control solution. The values of inhibition for each concentration of worm tea were calculated. Available literature recommends to dilute worm tea in ratio of 1:9 with water. However, the results showed that this dilution is already inhibitory for some...
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Diversity of soil microbial communities in relation to biodegradation of polymers
Hušek, Pavel ; Jandová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Polymer materials have had a big impact on the industry in the 20th century and replaced a large amount of then used materials. Plastic waste, however, has subsequently become a big problem that needs a solution. One of the possible solutions is to produce biodegradable plastics, that should degrade in nature by themselves and therefore not increase the volume of plastic waste. Their degradation, however, is often only partial and the dynamics of polymer biodegradation in soil are not yet fully understood. In this thesis, we are investigating biodegradability of polyurethanes in field soil as it has high ecological relevance. The text consists of two parts. The first part is literary research on mechanisms of biodegradation of polymer materials and methods which are commonly used for characterization of microbial communities. The second part is our own laboratory project that aims to evaluate the effect of biodegradation of polyurethane on soil microbial communities. We assume that mostly fungi and bacteria taxa will take part in the biodegradation and will use enzymatically catalyzed hydrolysis to degrade the polyurethane foam. Key words: Biodegradation, polyurethane, soil, microbial communities, PLFA
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Two different approaches in toxic pollution remediation - pilot scale tests
Innemanová, Petra
Mgr. Petra Innemanová: Two different approaches in toxic pollution remediation - pilot scale tests Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Kateřina Demnerová, CSc. Study programme: Microbiology Study subprogramme: Microbiology Date of defence: 23.9.2005 SUMMARY Large amount of organic substances has been leached into subsurface as a result of human activities and/or related accidents. A lot of new information concerning possibilities of their subsequent removal from the living environment is published every year. A very important step for an application of new methods as functional technologies is their pilot scale testing or other verification under service conditions. It is clear, that the experimental treatment of tons of contaminated soils or vast volumes of water often requires solving of specific problems, not occurring on the microcosms scale. Two different approaches (natural attenuation and enhanced biodegradation) for removal of contamination were verified by means of proprietary applied research conducted at the DEKONTA company. I) At many contaminated sites the subsurface is capable of natural attenuation of pollutants thus potentially decreasing the cost of remediation. This reduction in concentration of pollutants is due to a number of processes, including simple dilution, dispersion, sorption, volatilisation,...
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Biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in underground water using biological approaches.
Šrédlová, Kamila ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of important organic pollutants which undergo very slow degradation and tend to persist for a long time in the environment. PCBs have various negative effects on living organisms, human health and the environment in general. A method for determining PCB levels in aqueous matrices was developed consisting of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and GC/MS determination. The average recoveries of PCB congeners from artificially spiked deionized water were around 85%. The PCB concentration of 3.3±0.1 μg·l-1 (a sum of selected congeners) was detected in contaminated groundwater originated from the area of a former asphalt concrete producing plant. The most abundant PCBs were trichlorinated congeners which together comprised about 80% of the total PCB content. The optimised SPE method was further applied together with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) to assess the degradation potential of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) which shows high degradation efficiency of various organic pollutants including PCBs. P. ostreatus belongs to ligninolytic (white-rot) fungi, which is a very promising group of microorganisms frequently studied due to their bioremediation potential. P. ostreatus, strain KRYOS was able to remove 41±8% of the initial amount (50 μg) of the...
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Study of biodrying technology for MSW
Pilnáček, Vojtěch ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Main objective of the work was to design and construct a model biodrying reactor and to try out two aeration regimes. Additional objective was to asses usability of the process for Czech waste. Model reactor was successfully designed, constructed and put into operation. Two different aeration regimes were examined: regime controlled by oxygen concentration and regime controlled by temperature in upper layer of the reactor. Better results in light of net calorific value and moisture elimination had regimes controlled by temperature in upper layer of the reactor. In light of energy budget regime controlled by oxygen concentration n. 2 performed better. Results strongly depend on composition of waste (organic fraction content) and ambient air moisture. On the basis of these results new interesting questions arise. Czech waste is energetically usable for processing by biodrying. From economic point of view insufficiency of market for produced fuel is a main problem.
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Mapping of contaminated sites in the Czech Republic using GIS
Vacířová, Anna ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Work concentrates on possibilities of mapping of contaminated sites in the Czech Republic by the means of remote-controlled exploration of the Earth. The reason for that is the possibility of contamination of surroundings by various substances which can damage the health of inhabitants. The main focus is concentrated on the methods of the "National Contaminated Sites Inventory" project, as it is currently the main project taking place in the Czech Republic which is dealing with this problems. The work summarizes the historical mapping of contaminated places in the Czech Republic and there are mentioned the existing databasesy. Other part is dedicated to the situation in mapping abroad, especially in the United States and Canada. There are depicted which mapping outputs are available for given locality on the basis of acquired data. Key words: NIKM, SEKM, Remote Senzing, Contaminated sites, GIS
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Inovation of constucted wetlands
Hamanová, Sabina ; Hudcová, Tereza (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with analysis of the purification processes in hybrid constructed wetland (CW), combined horizontal subsurface flow filter bed and vertical subsurface flow filter bed, in the first year operating. Original CW, consisted of one horizontal subsurface filter bed, was built in 1994 at Kotenčice, Central Bohemia, division Příbram. Despite of a relatively high efficiency of the CW, mechanical pretreatment didn't provide sufficient efficiency and the filtration beds suffered from severe clogging, therefore the whole system was rebuilt in 2011 - 2012. Reconstructed CW for 250 PE has been designed for treat sewage from a separate sewer system. A new type of hybrid constructed wetland consists of horizontal flow beds (911 m2 ) and vertical flow beds (300 m2 ), which are arranged in 4 parallel multi - stage fields. Pulse feeding has been tested in vertical flow filter beds and filtration material with high adsorption capacity has been tested as an alternative material. The filters are planted with Phragmites australis, Phalaris Arundinacea, Iris pseudacorus, Iris sibirica, Glyceria maxima and Lythrum salicaria. Purified water is drained to current recipient - Kotenčice stream. In the sampling period (2. 10. 2012 - 17. 12. 2013) physical - chemical parameters COD, BOD5, suspended solids, total...
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Romany Religion, Tradition and Customs
Innemanová, Petra ; Hošek, Pavel (advisor) ; Weiniger, Rut Jochanan (referee)
Romany Religion, Tradition and Customs I tried to describe tradition and customs of Slovakian Romany people in my thesis, I showed their life cycle from birth and christening up to dying, death and funeral. The Romany attitude towards faith and religion is showed too which lies on natural animistic basis mainly, combined with elements borrowed from Christian religion of the major population. I looked for the traditional customs in my family, our ancestors come from Bardějov in Slovakia. I was interested in the fact to which extent the original values and Romany roots maintained. The information I obtained in the conversation, observation and my own experience I used in my thesis. The information is an insight into the Romany community, shows the degree of confirmation of cultural elements and the change of attitudes within one family in three generations. The portion of non-Romany origin is higher gradually and the total degree of the influence of the major Czech culture is higher as well. This is an entirely subjective view on the fact and selfreflexion is added which could be a basis for a deeper research. Chapter one deals with the purpose of the thesis. In the chapter two I describe the methodology and the research sample. Chapter three deals with religion and particular Romany traditional...
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The Transmission of Romanian Traditional Values of Mixed Romany-Czech Marriages
Innemanová, Petra ; Dočkal, Jan (advisor) ; Kuchař, Pavel (referee)
The goal of my graduation treatise is research of three generations of mixed Romany-Czech marriages in the aspects of upbringing, education and traditions and how and how many of these aspects were transmitted in a progress of time. Which Romanian traditional values have kept during the theree genarations of the inter marriages. In the theoretical part of my treatise I tried to describe all topics which I then researched in the practical part with individual couples which were namely the fellowship in the family, individual roles among the members of the family, upbringing, relationship to education, traditions and rituals in a traditionnal Romany family. The purpose of this research is to find out if and how Romany partners are assimilated into the major society. My methods were: the qualitative method, participatory observation and dialogs with individual respondents. The results clearly indicate that assimilation into the major society is very succesful as well as a higher level of education, older age of partners when they get married and have their firt child. Their birth rate is lower as the generations pass. Some further interesting facts are that the second generation of mixed marriages doesn't keep a lot from Romany culture, language, history and traditions and that which has been kept is practised...
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