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Welfare assessment of cattle on the farms
Chárová, Karolína ; Chaloupková, Helena (advisor) ; Ilona, Ilona (referee)
This thesis is focused on evaluation of welfare quality in dairy cows at 10 farms (factory farming) in the Czech Republic. Studies concerned with this topic are showing that the quality of welfare and the farm environment has a significant influence on their efficiency. Welfare evaluation in this thesis was done in accordance to European project Welfare Quality. In processing of this thesis was evaluated ten of totally twelve criterions; absence of prolonged hunger and thirst, comfort around resting, ease of movement, absence of injuries, diseases and painful procedures, expression social and other behaviours, and good human animal relationship. From four principles based on criterions above, i.e. good feeding, good housing, good health and appropriate behaviour, were only three evaluated.
Most of the farms had a low scoring of good feeding including part of very lean cows and bad access to the water. Favourable was evaluation of good housing, because 60% of farms had above-standard results. Lower evaluation was in the principle of good health due to dehorning on all monitored farms. Czech farms had significantly higher percent of very lean cows comparing to foreign breeds. Lameness in the Czech Republic was different in comparison with foreign studies. Small part of cows suffering of discharge, cough, or hampered respiration was detected. Number of animals suffering from diarrhoea is comparable to foreign studies. Expression of agonistic behaviour was minimal in monitored farms. That is displayed in excellent evaluation of criteria expression of social behaviour. Almost all farms had acceptable evaluation of good human animal relationship.
Hypothesis, that in farms with lower quality of environment is higher percentage of cows that hobble, than in farms with better quality of environment, was not confirmed. Another hypothesis was partly confirmed. The farms with higher percentage of cows with health issues struggle with problems during the rest time, than the farm with lower percentage of cows with health issues. Part of cows that lameness correlate with part of cows with patches and part of very lean cows is affiliated to part of cows with diarrhoea. Welfare quality in monitored herds, were at an acceptable level. Most need to improve the area of good feeding, but for accurate results it would be appropriate to evaluate a greater number of farms.
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Improvement professional competence of training teachers
Rejhonová, Věra ; Zilvar, Josef (advisor) ; Ilona, Ilona (referee)
Professional competences are being an inventible part of teachers within the professional trainings field, thus the goal of my thesis is to enhance those professional competences among the training teachers. My thesis is divided into a practical and
a theoretical part.
The theoretical part describes an educational system in the Czech Republic. There are some basic terms related to the professional education being further explained, such as a professional training teacher as well as some relevant competences of teachers within the professional trainings field. Also there is a training instructor further explained in the thesis as well as a personal typology of training teachers. The practical part aims to outline some professional competences of training teachers that are based on a semi-structured interview between educational institutions (n 6) and training teachers (n 6). A feedback to suggestions of professional competences for training teachers was collected from students of the 3rd grade of a cook field of study via a poll (n 122).
In order to keep up with new trends and terms it is necessary that the improvement and enhancement of professional competences will be further provided by institutions that stand beyond a private segment, especially by public institutions.
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Evaluation of the Success of the Recovery of Claims of Social Security Contributions within the Czech Social Security Administration
Brdičková, Radka ; Kukalová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Ilona, Ilona (referee)
The thesis analyzes the relevant methods of enforcement of debts to the social security contributions and evaluates the succes rate of individual procedures within the Czech social security administration. The first part of the work is focused on defining the theoretical background, as the basic concepts, including the basic layout of the social security. Furthermore, it presents the general procedure of enforcement of claims in the splitting of the administrative and judicial enforcement of the decision and the application of the claims in the other proceedings. In the analytical part are analyzed and compared different methods of enforcement, both in cooperation with court executors and tax execution, especially their impact on the development of receivables and collection of premiums in 2013 and 2014, and the effectiveness of various methods in practise. Based on the survey proposes some possible solutions leading to increased succes practices of individual methods of recovery and also to streamline, improve and speed up the work of employees who deal with debt recovery.
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Welfare assessment of organically farmed cattle
Slavíková, Eva ; Chaloupková, Helena (advisor) ; Ilona, Ilona (referee)
Ethical issues in livestock breeding have been in focus of public interest recently. A strong attention is paid to living space, ability to express natural behaviour, and good care of animals known as welfare. Presented thesis aims in evaluation of animal welfare indicators on 20 farms with organic dairy production using the methodology of Welfare Quality (WQ). The following criteria were assessed: absence of prolonged hunger and thirst, comfort around resting, ease of movement, absence of injuries, disease, and pain induced by management procedures, expression of social and other behaviours, human-animal relationship, and emotional state. These criteria are combined into four basic principles: good feeding, good housing, good health, and appropriate behaviour. Principal attention is paid to the relationship between animal welfare and health.
Most farms showed high scoring of good feeding including the proportion of very lean cows and sufficient water supply. Good housing got also high evaluation, because the organic farming standards require loose housing and majority of time spent grazing on pastures. Lower scoring of good health was caused by dehorning on a part of farms, which decreases the absence of injuries evaluation. Farms had mostly low proportion of lame cows, cows with lesions and hairless patches, and cows with discharges and diarrhoea; no cow had mastitis. No expression of agonistic behaviour was recorded, the scoring of human-animal relationship and positive emotional state was fairly good, too. Obtained scores were generally higher compared to results from conventional farms published in literature. All farms were evaluated as enhanced or excellent.
Larger herds had generally lower scoring of human-animal relationship, but higher scoring of positive emotional state. Farms with dehorned animals exhibited lower proportion of very lean cows and nasal discharge. A higher percentage of lame cows was found on farms with worse cleanliness compared to farms with cleaner conditions. Proportion of lame cows correlated with the proportion of very lean cows, and together with the proportion of cows with integument alterations it was influenced by the comfort around resting.
It was confirmed that good conditions of cow breeding and good welfare lead to better health and behaviour of animals. Organic farming creates favourable conditions for good animal health and welfare. The output of the thesis provides farmers an evaluation of animal welfare on their farms and a comparison with other farms.
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Welfare of cattle
Tajzichová, Nikola ; Chaloupková, Helena (advisor) ; Ilona, Ilona (referee)
The thesis Welfare of cattle is focused on well-being of the dairy cattle, specifically from the professional expert perspective, representing these days one of the very actual quality of cattle breeding factor. The objective of the thesis was to summarise the newest expert findings in the area of dairy cattle welfare and to find out Czech Republic breeders opinion on the dairy cattle welfare assessment and on the suitability of criteria for such assessment.
Cattle breeding represents one of the main sectors of the animal production, which serves as the primary source of milk, cheese and meat products. The quality of these products is directly dependant on the well-being of the cattle, which is at the same time essentially important for its complex good health condition, both physical and mental. In my thesis,
I have focused on the animal welfare as such, and I analyse it in detail from different perspectives. The thesis also addresses the important evaluation project Welfare Quality, whose methodology could become a foundation for standardization of cattle well-being assessment and its certification by means of passporting products quality and origin. Further, the thesis elaborates on the alternatives of such products welfare passportisation, which could also provide for authentication of products quality and welfare of animals in the studs.
I have used questionnaires for the empirical research, by means of which the dairy cattle breeders were interviewed. The questionnaires were composed of questions pertaining to basic information on concrete breeder and the stud, health condition of the animals, opinion of the breeder on animal welfare and suitable criteria for dairy cattle welfare assessment, and also questions addressing management and production characteristics of the stud. The thesis confirms the necessity of improvement of the awareness and knowledgeability of the breeders about the animals welfare, but also the need of animals life conditions improvement, and consequently the benefits of the introduction of welfare standardization and evaluation by means of all interested parties participation, and possibly also introduction of some form of certification of the quality and origin of the product, with respect to welfare.
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Possibilities of using the method of determining the retention capacity of flour
Johnová, Veronika ; Faměra, Oldřich (advisor) ; Ilona, Ilona (referee)
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on the issue of the flour retention capacity determination - the SRC test. The principle of this method is to obtain (using four defined solutions) the flour gel which always characterizes the corresponding component of flour: 5% lactic acid solution characterizes the quality of gluten complex, 5% sodium carbonate solution characterizes the range of damage to the starch granule, 50% solution of sucrose characterizes the content of pentosane, distilled water characterizes the connection of all components, e.g. the overall quality of flour.
Due to the simplicity of this method and to the relatively cheap acquisition and operation, this method is used in many branches of food industry, especially in bakery and pastry production: the production of biscuits, candy, pies, baguettes or rolls. It can also be used for the production of dough from which bread, bread rolls, buns, Christmas cakes and other products are made. The method is also applied in the breeding and evaluation of wheat varieties and in the milling production, too. Moreover, it is used for the estimation of flour, dough and other products quality.
The practical part of this thesis deals with the evaluation of varieties from varietal groups of baking quality. Evaluated varieties come from the experimental stations of Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (ÚKZÚZ) from Lednice and Staňkov.
From the baking category E wheaten varieties Evina and Fabius were used; from category A varieties Bohemia, Etana, Fakir, Patras, Sultan, Zeppelin; from category B varieties Baletka, Tobak and from category C varieties KWS Ozon and Vanessa. The grain of wheat was milled into flour by a FQC - 109 laboratory mill and the determination of the SRC test was performed by the AACC 56 - 11 methodology. In the results varietal differences between breeding localities were evaluated. In summary, the Fakir variety had the best results. There are noticeable locality differences - Lednice (171 m a. s.) WSRC = 73,2 %, SCSRC = 99,5 %, SuSRC = 122,1 %, LASRC = 179,6 %, GPI = 0,81; Staňkov (370 m a. s.) WSRC = 78,1 %, SCSRC = 109,4 %, SuSRC = 112,1 %, LASRC = 150,9 %, GPI = 0,68.
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The influence of enzymes applied on processed sugar beet bulbs on the quality of saturated juice
Langrová, Petra ; Pulkrábek, Josef (advisor) ; Ilona, Ilona (referee)
The thesis focuses on the determination of dextran presence and its potential amount in sugar made semi-products. Dextran is a polysaccharide which is created on a sugar beet tuber due to inappropriate storing, because of low temperatures or wound of beet tissue, which is subsequently prone to infections caused by Leuconostoc mesenteroides microorganism. The infection results in creation of polysaccharides and other secondary products which have a negative influence on technological processing of beet. Levan and dextran create the highest amount of these polysaccharides in sugar beet. They significantly increase the viscosity of sugar juice. It is subsequently seen on crystallization of calcium carbonate during the second saturation and this causes the deterioration of filterability. In case of dextran or other polysaccharides presence other problems arise in the technological process of sugar production. For its elimination enzymatic hydrolysis is used with the aid of dextranase or alfa amylase. This element splits dextran polysaccharide into smaller oligosaccharids which are not caught in filtration device and therefore do not cause reduction in production capacity. Commercially accessible dextranase; however, is financially demanding so that there are researches trying to find more economical ways. This diploma thesis evaluates the presence of dextran in extracted juice by means of ICUMSA GS8-19 (year 2009). The method evaluates the presence of dextran in diffused, heavy and II. saturated juice. The research was focused on determination of alkalinity, pH, sedimentation and filtration coefficient, polarization, sugar content and purity. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the correlation between recorded numbers and the application of the two enzymes which are used for removal of these problems. After completion of the experiment and evaluation of measured results in operating laboratory of sugar factory Tereos TTD Dobrovice, connection among laboratory measured data was not proved. Our recorded data did not prove reciprocal relation. The only proved connection was about number of rinsed filters (per day) after II. saturation and amount of used enzymes. The amount of enzymes influences how many times per day filters must be rinsed in order to get rid of deposit. In case of high amount of dextran, filters started to be clogged by impervious layer of molecules and in case that enzymatic way was not used for elimination of this saccharide, the only solution was frequent filters rinsing or reduction in working capacity connected to subsequent prolongation of processing campaign.
Further, we proved the efficiency of alfa amylase which was used during beet processing (after New Year). This enzyme had the same impact on elimination of polysaccharides and clearance of filters. It is to say that in following campaigns it is possible to substitute financially demanding enzyme for cheaper alfa amylase.
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