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Preparation of mammalian vectors encoding selected microsomal SDR enzymes
Slezák, Jan ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Novotná, Eva (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Kralove Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Jan Slezák Superviser: RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Preparation of mammalian vectors encoding selected microsomal SDR enzymes Microsomal short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases DHRS1, DHRS7 and HSD11b1 (SDR19C1, SDR34C1, SDR26C1) are membrane-bound NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes metabolizing a broad spectrum of carbonyl-bearing substrates. These enzymes from the superfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases mediate metabolism of endogenous compounds, such as glucocorticoids, retinoids, sfingolipids as well as various xenobiotics. Apart from their biological roles, they participate in the etiology of severe diseases (e.g cancer, Alzheimer disease, obesity etc.). Knowledge of inhibitory and substrate affinity may lead to better understanding of the functions of these enzymes in organism and to the development of new therapeutic approaches. The goal of the present work was to prepare mammalian vectors encoding DHRS1, DHRS7 and HSD11b1. Primer design and cDNA amplification were among the first steps. Primers beared the sequence recognized by restriction endonucleases which was concomitantly present in the multicloning site of the pCI plasmid. Such primer design allowed...
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Reporter gene studies for nanoparticle mediated DNA and siRNA delivery.
Kovářová, Barbora ; Jirkovská, Anna (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences University of Vienna, Faculty center for Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics Candidate: Barbora Kovářová Supervisor (Charles University): PharmDr. Anna Jirkovská, Ph.D. Supervisor (University of Vienna): Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Manfred Ogris Co-supervisor (University of Vienna): Dr. Haider Sami, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Reporter gene studies for nanoparticle mediated DNA and siRNA delivery Keywords: transfection, plasmid DNA, siRNA, nanoparticles Gene therapy is a promising field offering potential in several currently incurable diseases. Gene therapy is mediated by modulation of gene expression in specific cells by delivering exogenous nucleic acids. One of current tasks of nucleic acid delivery is exploring several synthetic vectors which would have a potential to overcome the disadvantages of commonly used viral vectors. The present study focused on different types of polyethyleneimine-based nanoparticles for plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. Integration of imaging contrast agents with gene delivery vehicles is advantageous for tracking the gene delivery process both in vivo and in vitro. Gadolinium...
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Interactions of selected anticancer drugs of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway inhibitors group with the ABC drug transporters
Slatinský, Lukáš ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Lukáš Slatinský Supervisor: Assoc. prof. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Interactions of selected anticancer drugs of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway inhibitors group with the ABC drug transporters ABCB1 (Pgp, P-glycoprotein) and ABCG2 (BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein) are members of a transmembrane efflux ATP dependent transporter family, so called ATP-binding cassettes (ABC). Physiologicaly they are expressed in the cellular membrane and protect body tissues against potentially toxic xenobiotics including drugs. They represent also one of the tumor defense mechanisms when being able to efflux a wide variety of cytotoxic drugs out of the cancer cells leading to treatment failure. BRAF protein plays an important regulatory and signal role in MAPK/ERK pathway affecting cell division, differentiation and secretion. Mutations of BRAF lead to overactivity in MAPK/ERK pathway in many cancer cells and can be therefore targeted by anticancer therapy. Cobimetinib and dabrafenib are relatively new anticancer therapeutics inhibiting the signal pathway mentioned above and they are used in treatment of melanoma carrying the BRAF mutation. The aims of this project were to...
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Flow-cytometric analysis of inhibitory effect of novel targeted drugs on the activity of ABC drug efflux transporters
Burianová, Gabriela ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Červený, Lukáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Gabriela Burianova Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Flow-cytometric analysis of inhibitory effect of novel targeted drugs on the activity of ABC drug efflux transporters Cancer is the second leading cause of death. Cancer treatment often combines conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. More recent approach to treatment is the use of targeted cancer therapy with a greater specificity towards cancer cells. Development of resistance is a major obstacle in the success of chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance (MDR) can be acquired through various mechanisms e.g. overexpression of efflux transporters. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters represents a large family of transmembrane proteins that use ATP to pump molecules across the membrane. The three main ABC proteins related to MDR are: P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2). Use of ABC transporter inhibitors increases the amount of chemotherapeutical substrates accumulated within the cells. In this study we evaluated interactions of six synthetic small molecule inhibitors (alisertib, ensartinib, entrectinib, talazoparib,...
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Study of interactions of antiviral drug tenofovir and its prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with placental nucleoside transporters
Lalinská, Anežka ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Anežka Lalinská Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study of interactions of antiretroviral drug tenofovir and its prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with placental nucleoside transporters Tenofovir (TFV) in the form of ester prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an essential part of combination antiretroviral therapy. It is often used in the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. However, precise mechanism(s) involved in transfer of TFV/TDF from mother to fetus are not described in detail. Since these drugs are nucleoside analogues, there is a possibility that the mechanisms of their transplacental passage might include nucleoside transporters (NTs), either equilibrative or concentrative (ENTs/CNTs). The aim of the diploma thesis was to investigate the role of placental NTs in membrane transfer of TFV and TDF. To address this issue, we performed in vitro accumulation in the BeWo cell line derived from placental choriocarcinoma. By evaluating experiments, we found out that both TFV and TDF might not be substrates of NTs, thus the role of these transporters in TFV/TDF placental pharmacokinetics was not confirmed. Therefore, the drug-drug interactions on NTs...
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The influence of bosutinib, neratinib and ibrutinib inhibition on the activity of selected reductases from AKR and SDR superfamilies
Hudáčová, Lenka ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Lenka Hudáčová Supervisor: Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of bosutinib, neratinib and ibrutinib inhibition on the activity of selected reductases from AKR and SDR superfamilies Anthracycline antibiotics (ANTs) are antineoplastic drugs. Daunorubicin (DAUN) is used in the treatment of acute leukaemia. Enzymes from aldo-keto reductase (AKR) and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamilies mediate the reduction of DAUN to its C-13 alcohol metabolite daunorubicinol (DAUNOL), which is more cardiotoxic, less antineoplastic and is causing anthracycline resistance. In my diploma thesis, I examined the inhibitory effect of bosutnib, neratinib and imatinib on the activity of enzymes from the SDR and AKR superfamilies. The specific enzyme activity and inhibitory effect were estimated on the base of in vitro enzymatic production of DAUNOL by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system. MTT assay was used to measure DAUN and ibrutinib cytotoxicity effect on HCT116 cell culture. In vitro enzymatic activities for recombinant enzymes were decreased in order CBR1 > AKR1C3 > AKR1B1 > AKR1A1 > AKR7A2 > AKR1B10 > AKR1C1 > AKR1C2 > AKR1C4 > CBR3. The...
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Effect of cadmium chloride on P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier
Zahradníková, Tereza ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Tereza Zahradníková Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Consultant: Alexander Zaremba, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany Title of diploma thesis: Effect of cadmium chloride on P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier The blood-brain barrier (BBB) separates the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral blood circulation. It regulates the material transport between these compartments due to its specialised structure and cellular constitution. The endothelial cells forming the BBB are characterized by the expression of different multidrug resistance proteins which belong to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. These transmembranous ABC proteins actively transport molecules out of the BBB endothelia into the bloodstream and protect the brain against harmful xenobiotics, toxins and metabolites. On the other hand, ABC export proteins constitute obstacles to the delivery of many therapeutic drugs across the BBB into the CNS, thus the efficacy of CNS pharmacotherapy is limited. One of the most important efflux transporters is P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Cadmium is a heavy metal that is dangerous to human health....
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The assessment of inhibitory effects of selected targeted anticancer drugs on the activity of ABC drug efflux transporters
Jurčáková, Júlia ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Šorf, Aleš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Júlia Jurčáková Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman PhD. Title of diploma thesis: The assessment of inhibitory effects of selected targeted anticancer drugs on the activity of ABC drug eflux trasporters. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death within oncological diseases. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of all lung cancer, and its major subtypes include adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. In addition to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the use of targeted low-molecular substances, which target tumor cells with higher specificity, has recently been used in treatment. The two main causes of death in cancer patients are the formation of metastases and the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). This may also be caused by overexpression of the efflux transporters. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are groups of transmembrane pumps that use energy in the form of ATP to transfer a wide range of substrates. In particular, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), breast cancer-resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1) are associated with MDR. Inhibition of these transporters increases the amount of cytostatic substrate within the...
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Study on the role of pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug resistance in new anticancer drugs with focus on solid tumors
Vagiannis, Dimitrios ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Souček, Pavel (referee) ; Zendulka, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Dimitrios Vagiannis Supervisor RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study on the role of pharmacokinetic mechanisms of drug resistance in new anticancer drugs with focus on solid tumors Cancer chemotherapy is an important tool for the cure of cancer. Although the development of new anticancer drugs has been rapidly progressing, the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to be a key issue leading to therapy failure in oncological patients. MDR is based on pharmacodynamic as well as pharmacokinetic mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic MDR includes drug efflux transporters and biotransformation enzymes that decrease the amount of (active form of) a drug in tumors. While the MDR role of transporters has been well understood, the participation of drug metabolizing enzymes is still unclear. This thesis investigates the role of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) in cytostatic resistance. Furthermore, it focuses on the modulation of pharmacokinetic MDR using pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of new targeted antitumor drugs. Finally, it aims to confirm the in vitro findings in ex vivo patient-derived tumor explants. In our latest publication, we demonstrate the significant role of...
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Interaction of gilteritinib with OCT1 and OCT2 transporters; relation to conventional therapy of acute myeloid leukemia.
Novotná, Kateřina ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Univerzita Karlova Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra Farmakologie a toxikologie Student: Kateřina Novotná Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Interaction of gilteritinib with OCT1 and OCT2 transporters; relation to conventional therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Gilteritinib is one of the recently approved drugs which is primarily used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor. In this project, gilteritinib was investigated in terms of its ability to interact with solute carrier (SLC) membrane transporters, namely with OCT1 and OCT2. These membrane proteins play a role in uptake of endogenous compounds and also drugs into the cells of main elimination organs (liver, kidney), but also to cancer cells. In particular, we wanted to examine potential interaction with daunorubicin and mitoxantrone, drugs traditionally used in AML therapy. First, we performed accumulation study and evaluated, whether gilteritinib is potential inhibitor of OCT1 and OCT2 studying differential uptake of daunorubicin and mitoxantrone into MDCKII-OCT1 and MDCKII-OCT2 cells based on OCT1 and OCT2 inhibition by gilteritinib. Secondly, the study evaluating the transfer of gilteritinib across the...
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