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Formation of witness testimonies collected at CVH Malach
Strouhal, Matěj ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Kabele, Jiří (referee)
Ve své práci ukazuji na svědeckých záznamech přístupných v Malach jakými způsoby je utvářeno svědectví. To ve své práci vnímám jako specifický žánr, který je ovlivňován zároveň diskursem a pravidly vyprávění. Ve své práci se pokouším ukázat způsoby, tomu dochází, a tím přispět k lepšímu pochopení svědectví jako takového. Důvodem této snahy je pak mimo jiné i vzrůstající míra využívání svědectví k vzdělávacím účelům, ve kterých se původně doplňkové funkce ve vzta historiografii dostává svědectví stále více prostoru i jako vlastnímu zdroji informací. Skrze výpovědi pamětníků je svědectví schopné přenášet nejen prosté informace, ale díky své autenticitě také emoce a morální apel. Ve své práci na materiálech USC Shoah Foundation Institute ukazuji způsoby, kterými dochází jak k omezování vyprávění diskursem, tak příklady, ve kterých nachází vyprávění v diskursu oporu, či taková, ve kterých se projevuje moc vyprávění nad diskursem. K tomuto závěru docházím na základě analyzování oficiálních dokumentů nadace USC Shoah Foundation Institute. Mezi ně patří podklady pro tazatele a pamětníky, které mají zmiňovaní k dispozici dříve, než je videozáznam pořizován. Dále pak návody pro katalogizování a indexování získaných svědeckých záznamů a příručka pro uživatele archivu. Ve druhé části analýzy se pak soustředím na obsah...
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Escaping Gypsyness: work, power and identity in the marginalization of Roma
Ghosh, Yasar Abu ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Grygar, Jakub (referee)
Based on an ethnographic fieldwork among Roma in Tercov this dissertation explores questions of identity and poverty. It is argued that Gypsyness and poverty constantly mingle in both how the Roma cope with their social marginalization and how they are perceived. In consequence the Roma adopt strategies of survival whereby they attempt to escape identification as Gypsies. The facets of Gypsyness are explored on three levels. In Part 1 attention is paid to the internal cleavage that separates the Roma in Tercov in two fractions. The cleavage is analyzed on the microscopic level which reveals that one of the fractions is efficient in imposing the view of the other as more Gypsy like and thus establishes itself as immune to Gypsy perception. In Part 2 Gypsyness is explored in the realm of employment. Here the mutual complementarity of Gypsyness and poverty is recast in the discourse of deservingness which efficiently transforms social categories into cultural schemata and creates in the negative sense the exclusion of the Roma from the "moral community". In Part 3 and 4 are presented examples of how the Roma in Tercov temporarily outwit dominant representations and gain the upper hand in the local social interaction.
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Running - Discipline through play
Svobodová, Karin ; Stöckelová, Tereza (advisor) ; Grygar, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is a study of running from the perspective of the Actor-Network Theory (ANT). In my research I have been focusing on running as a discipline, as well as entertainment in the contemporary society pervaded by smartphones and other personal technology. In the analysis of the discipline, self-discipline and the governance of the self my work draws primarily upon the argument of M. Foucault. First, I examine mechanisms of runner's self-discipline with its imperative of continuous improvement. My second key argument, exploring running as entertainment, starts from Bourdieu's comments on running, as he suggested that running does not bring any instant satisfaction and certainly not any satisfaction from competition. My empirical work brought me to a contradictory conclusion. From my point of view, running is not just present suffering with the strive for future results, but it can also be a competitive and creative play. In this context, I also explore the notion of the "runner trance". In my work I am presenting several examples of the blending of discipline and entertainment in running (for example when experiencing pain). Furthermore, I suggest that the aspects of running as entertainment may not only serve as a support mechanism for the runner's discipline. My thesis is based on more than...
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Homebirth as Actor-Network
Genttnerová, Kristýna ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (referee)
Homebirth as Actor-Network: Multiple realities The topic of this medical anthropology thesis is a description of homebirth seen through the eyes of Actor-Network Theory. The focus of this work is thus not on the professional concept of homebirth as a biological process or soon-to-be-mothers experience and take on homebirth. Focus is on homebirth in itself, how it is enacted in practice. After the presentation of two points of view on medicine (disease and illness), an introduction into the basic principles and innovations of ANT (including anthropology of symmetry) and works of people, who build their ideas on it (Mol - multiplicity, De Laet - fluidity, Law), the thesis shifts its focus to the description of the whole actor- network, which enacts homebirth via interaction between the actors in practice. These practices are abstracted from the interviews with mothers, a dula and a paediatrician. The description includes people and objects, because according to ANT, they have the same amount of social agency. Homebirth is then enacted by the objects needed for homebirth - tools to make birth easier and to support its process, by people who partake, venues it takes place and the birthing positions it brings. Another part of the actor-network can be found before the homebirth happens - the hunt for information...
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Moral boundaries between Christians and atheists
Koloušková, Barbora ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Grygar, Jakub (referee)
This paper deals with an idea of boundaries that christians and non-christians construct and the way these boundaries emerge and reproduce. Based on the analysis of twelve in-depth interviews, I show that the concept of moral boundaries is relevant for the relationship between christians and non-christians. Although many emphasize tolerance and understanding, they define themselves as opposed to each other in many ways. Christians consider God's commandments to be the source of morality, non-christians think it is rooted in people themselves. Christians consider relationship with God, love and good christian life to be the highest values and they think non-christians prefer money, health and family. Those admit these values, but they emphasize that being christian does not automatically mean being a good person. As a respond to today's situation, I analyze creating social distance and symbolic boundaries against ethnic and national minorities. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Perfect Body: Ethnography of Body in Gym Environment
Hemerová, Aneta ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Lachmann, Filip (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on world of the gym and its members. Its aim is to clarify how the gym shapes the body fitness and how its members perceive body image. This theme is viewed through several theoretical approaches, through mindful body, which is in the context of Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock perceived as individual, social and political body linked together. Furthermore habitus which in conjunction with the theory of Pierre Bourdieu explains environment that is specific for the gym and explains the characteristics of the gym, its culture which is gradually embodied into the bodies of its members. And finally, the gym environment which is understood through the theory of Ray Oldenburg and his third place. The research is based on participant observation of chosen gym. Also it was intensively complemented by research interviews with the gym's members. The analysis shows that this environment shapes the body and the perception of the body in several ways. By placing mirrors across the walls that urge to constant observing of one's body and the body of others, and therefore they tempt for comparison and evaluation. By visual ads of ideal body image that is characteristic for this environment. By machines themselves, their positioning together with weights whose colours creates a...
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The Horse and Its Rider: Enacting the Actors of the Interaction
Ožanová, Sarah ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the horse-human relationship. It strives for answering the question how horse and human enact within this relationship and mutual interaction as the actors, which means active subjects that can participate in the relationship. The text tries to analyse how this relationship is influenced by other non-humans, such as the objects in the stable or the literature about horses. The text explores this through the lens of chosen theoretical and methodological concepts (the multispecies ethnography, Eduardo Kohn's anthropology of life or anthropology beyond the human, Donna Haraway's research of the non-humans and especially Bruno Latour's symmetrical anthropology and actor-network theory) that reach beyond the human and contain animals, objects and other non-humans. The research is based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews with the stable member. The analysis shows that the conditions of the horse-human relationship are mostly defined by the human. The human sets up the barriers within witch the horse can interfere partly (and probably unintentionally) in the mutual relationship by its reactions. The lifeless non-humans can substitute the human role of restricting the horse in this relationship. They can also reflect or reproduce certain notions or...
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Ethnographic Research on Pixadores: Why Brazilian Taggers Transform the Urban Landscape?
Válková, Eva ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee)
This work examines the intervention of Brazilian street artists into the public space of São Paulo metropolis. Pixadores, as they are called, are young people brought up in the poor suburbs of São Paulo. The society perceives them as "vandals" and "delinquents". However, spraying for them is an important part of their life and they do not stop spraying even after starting a family. They risk their lives and often find themselves on the brink of life and death. The aim of this work is to understand the behavior of these sprayers by using the ethnographic method and to answer the question, why is this transgressive practice important to them. Through their writings, they are highlighting their presence and are becoming a direct part of the city. On the one hand, their doing is a syndrome of social problems in the context of Brazilian society. On the other hand, these forms of conscious property damage may be associated with the idea of protest, the affirmation of their position in the margins of society or the respect earned from their peers. Although the residents of the poor suburbs are seen as being excluded from all forms of capital, Brazilian sprayers are, however, important political actors and their doing is reshaping the urban landscape. Prestige and respect which sprayers receive from each...
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Culinary identity - are we, what we eat?
Jandová, Kristýna ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Numerato, Dino (referee)
The thesis presents a view on a group of amateur chefs - the culinary experts- for whom the cooking has become an essential part of their identity. On the basis of the analysis of semistructured interviews and the participating observation the author studies the tricks of creating of identity of the culinary experts and their life-style. Present day liquid modernity and hyper-consumerist society in a way offers the space for paying attention to oneself and for building an own life project. The culinary art has become for some individuals very important hobby, not only because of the fact that through it they can give pleasure to their bodies, but it can also improve their social status. The text shows that the culinary art brings to amateur chefs the possibility to dedicate their life to cooking, regardless the social stratification or economical class they come from. On the other hand, there is a distinctive dimension which shows that merely the consumption of fine food does not make a fine food eater or a fine diner. The group of the culinary experts is building an exceptional social status though distinctive tricks of consumption of so called "good food". This group is not homogenous and it is relatively open to new members who must subsequently prove and demonstrate the expert knowledge of a...
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Regular Guests in Contemporaryr Pub Cultur
Kroufek, Marek ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Kotík, Michal (referee)
Štamgastenství v současné kultuře hospod Autor práce: Marek Kroufek Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jakub Grygar, PhD. Abstract This bachelor thesis concerns on 'the practice of being a pub regular' ("štamgastenství") as a particular cultural phenomenon and its role in contemporary pub culture. It summarises the evolution of pubs in the Czech context and explains a symbolical meaning of the place of pub in the construction of a Czech national identity. The thesis looks at pub as a public space from the perspective of the concept of the third place of an American urban sociologist Ray Oldenburg according to which for one's healthy functioning in society it is important to have got, beside of a home and a workplace, also the third place, a neutral ground, where one can experience informal public life. As claimed by this approach, the existence of the third places is crucial for an establishment of local community and cultivation of civil society. This thesis focuses on pub regulars as the group that makes the third place in the form of a pub alive and keeps it as such. The practical part of the thesis engages in a qualitative research using a method of ethnography on two selected Prague pubs in order to find out whether there is still a space for 'the practice of being a pub regular' in contemporary pub culture and how...
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