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Antiviral vaccination - tick borne encephalitis virus
Solarová, Pavlína ; Janštová, Vanda (referee) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor)
Tick borne encephalitis is by one of the most severe disease of central nervous system. Agent of this disease is tick-borne encephalitis virus, which is transmitted mainly by tick. Clinical picture of TBE is considerably different and varied in individuals - from quite infection without symptoms up to severe cerebro-spinal meningitis, in such cases attacked persons by this virus leave hospital with whole-life handicap. We can prevent this disease by inoculation. We can see it in the neighboring Austria, where TBE almost became extinct because 90% of population is vaccinated. Vaccines are commercially available from 1979. Nevertheless only 17% population is vaccinated against TBEV. The reason for it could be fact that insurance companies do not provide the vaccines as well as not very effective health education. One of possibilities how we can this tendency reverse would be higher awareness of pupils at schools. In school educational programs there is contained prevention of viral disease, especially in general biology, biology of viruses and education to health.
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Antiviral vaccination - hepatitis A virus
Rančáková, Hana ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor)
Hepatitis A is an ifectious disease caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV) from Picornaviridae family. HAV is an uneveloped virus composed of positive single-stranded RNA and a capsid with icosahedral symmetry. This infection is wide-spread and endemic in many regions of the world. The main way of transmission is throught the fecal-oral route. The possible symptoms, that can appear during the disease are fever, fatigue, muscle-pain, nausea, vomiting and afterward yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. On the other hand, the disease can proceed without any symptoms, that is common especially in the childhood. The people can shelter from the disease by aplication of vaccine. At this time there are four inactivated hepatitis A vaccines at the world market. All of the vaccines are highly effective and provide a long-term protection. This work is intent on the infection of hepatitis A virus, the possibilities of prevention with vaccines and the inclusion of curriculum about viral diseases and vaccination in the School Educational Programmes.
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Action of polyomavirus protein in host cell cycle
Suchanová, Jiřina ; Král, Jiří (referee) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor)
The polyomaviruses belong to a class of small DNA viruses that are capable to induce tumor growth within the cells infected by the virus. The course of their life cycle is entirely dependent on utilization of the infected cell mechanisms that have to be very precisely regulated. Above all, this thesis concentrates on investigating the factors that influence the course of the infected cell cycle, and also the ways in which the virus is able to interact with its control mechanisms. The polyomavirus early transcripts (T-antigens) have a main impact on the progression of the individual phases of the cell cycle. The biggest T-antigen (so called "Large T-antigen") is responsible for both the interaction with the main regulators of the cell cycle (proteins p53 and pRB) and a viral replication, immortalization of the cell and blocking of the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. The mitosis is very unfavorable to the virus because it utilizes a great amount of limited material of the cell organism that the virus needs for its own replication. According to the latest research the virus induces several changes within the cell cycle. For example, it creates a second S phase instead of the mitotic phase in the cell. It causes the accumulation of the infected cells in the late G2 phase as opposed the accumulation of...
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Cancer treatment with polymer-bound cytostatic drugs and its potentiation through immunomodulation
Chmelová, Helena ; Kovář, Marek (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
Cancer treatment with polymer-bound cytostatic drugs and its potentiation through immunomodulation Poly[N-2-(hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide] (PHPMA) is a synthetic water soluble and biocompatible polymer which can be used as a carrier of a cytostatic drug and an antibody as a targeting moiety. The antibody ensures the site-specific delivery of the conjugate. Nevertheless, even polymeric conjugates without any tumor-specific targeting moiety are passively accumulated within solid tumors via so called Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect, in case that their molecular wight is at least 40 kDa. Antibody-targeted polymeric drugs have been shown previously to have a cytostatic activity in vitro and an antitumor activity in vivo. Since treatment of cancer diseases in practice is far from such ideal conditions and many tumors have no strictly specific marker suitable for targeted therapy, upgrading of the treatment efficacy represents the major challenge. One of the possible ways how to improve insufficient chemotherapy outcome can be using of a combination of polymer-bound cytostatic drug and potent immunomodulation able to induce a robust anti-cancer immune response. In this study, we have used B cell leukemia BCL1 as an experimental tumor model. BCL1 cells express surface IgM with an unique...
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Description of Xenopus tropicalis pre-Sertoli cells in tissue culture
Ševčíková Jonáková, Jana ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
5 Abstract Xenopus tropicalis is an important model organism used in developmental and cell biology. Long term primary mixed cell culture, derived from juvenile testis of Xenopus tropicalis, is the first tissue culture of this specie. Characterization of this tissue culture is important for its further handling and subsequent experiments. The culture is composed of Sertoli cell precursors. Feeder layer of this cells enables long term germinal stem cell cultivation. Influence of condicioned medium plays important role during the cell culture cultivation. Result of this task approved effect of condicioned medium for cell culture growth. Cell culture and testis gene expression analyse revealed, that in process of Sertoli cell differentiation many growth and differentiation factors are involved. Presence of marker genes has been approved by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. This in vitro system can contribute to clarification of different roles of pre-Sertoli and Sertoli cells in testis differentiation, and therefore it establishes a new spermatogenesis model offering the possibility to distinguish parts of the pre-Sertoli and Sertoli cells differentiation, which is difficult in mammal models. Keywords: Xenopus tropicalis, tissue culture, pre-Sertoli cells, Sertoli cells, testicular differentiation, gene expression
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