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Replacement and Support of Vital Organs in Sepsis Pathophysiology and New Aspects of Treatments
Martínková, Vendula ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Chytra, Ivan (referee) ; Charvát, Jiří (referee)
Infectious diseases are the worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Sepsis is the major cause of death in infectious diseases. It is one of the most serious and also one of the most difficult treatable conditions of contemporary medicine. Sepsis is the main cause of death in intensive care units. Causal therapy of sepsis does not yet exist. With a far better understanding of patho/physiological mechanism of sepsis, it is possible to model new preclinical experiments to verify the efficiency and security of new therapeutic procedures. Large animal experiments in progressive sepsis, with the use of domestic porcine, play a vital role. Long-standing experience with this model and similarity to human facilitate the realization of more complex experiments with potential for the relevant translation of results into the subsequent clinical studies on human subjects. The objective of this doctoral dissertation was to assess on the clinically relevant model: 1) the efficiency and security of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the event of vasoplegic septic shock; and 2) the benefit of two innovative therapeutic approaches to treatment of sepsis: a) the intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells; and b) the activation of the neuro-inflammatory reflex through the vagus nerve stimulation.
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Evaluation of the investment plan
Charvát, Jiří ; Luňáček, Jiří (referee) ; Meluzín, Tomáš (advisor)
The Master Thesis deals with main topic of Ivestment plan of company XYZ. The investment plan relates to connection water tanks for selected municipality (villages, cities, etc.) and conclusion of this project. The first part is theoretical and the investment plan of a company as the topic of this master thesis is based on these theoretical information. Analysis, statistics, risk analysis, investment project effectiveness and other research methods are set in the middle part. The last part is conclusion of all mentioned data. The result should establish if the investment plan is suitable for this specific company.
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Effect of Clinical Nutrition and Physiotherapy in Acutely ill Geriatric Patients on Morbidity, Mortality and Physical Condition - Prospective Longitudinal Study
Hegerová, Petra ; Sobotka, Luboš (advisor) ; Matějovská Kubešová, Hana (referee) ; Charvát, Jiří (referee)
2. Summary: Effect of clinical nutri on and physiotherapy in acutely ill geriatric pa ents on morbidity, mortality and physical condi on - prospec ve longitudinal study Background and aims: An acute disease with catabolic reac on, decreased food intake and low physical ac vity leads to the muscle mass loss. Deepening of sarcopenia then brings a higher morbidity and mortality in elderly people. The aim of our study was to determine whether an ac ve approach based on early nutri onal therapy and exercise during the acute illness may influence the development of sarcopenia and long-term prognosis of the illness. Methods: There were 200 seniors at the age of over 78 years included in the prospec ve study. They were hospitalized in geriatric department with an acute internal disease, randomized with an envelope method into an interven on group (IG, n=100) and a control group (CG, n=100). The interven on group had nutri on support (600 calories, 20 grams of protein per day) on top of a standard diet and started with an intensive physiotherapy (training with bicycle ergometr twice a day and 15 minutes of physiotherapy twice a day). The control group was treated the usual way. The total follow-up period was 2 years. The tolerance of nutri onal supplements and its effect on the spontaneous food intake were evaluated...
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Effect of Clinical Nutrition and Physiotherapy in Acutely ill Geriatric Patients on Self-sufficiency and Physical Condition - Prospective Longitudinal Study
Dědková, Zuzana ; Sobotka, Luboš (advisor) ; Charvát, Jiří (referee) ; Matějovská Kubešová, Hana (referee)
- Effect of clinical nutrition and physiotherapy in acutely ill geriatric patients on self-sufficiency and physical condition - prospective longitudinal study Background & aims: Acute internal disease of the elderly often leads to loss of muscle mass and self-sufficiency. Reversal of muscle tissue, especially in geriatric patients, is very difficult and thus can an acute illness leads to necessity a second person helping a form of subsequent social care at home or in institutions aftercare. The aim of our study was to determine whether an active approach based on early physiotherapy and nutritional supplementation legs to influence the development of sarcopenia and patient's self- sufficiency during the acute illness. Methods: Two hundred patients, older than 78 years, admitted to geriatric department with acute illness were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Patients were randomized to the control group (standard treatment, n = 100) and the intervention group (n = 100). The intervention consisted of the administration of nutritional supplements (600 kcal, 20 g protein daily) added to the standard diet and simultaneous intensive rehabilitation therapy. Patients were followed-up for 2 years after discharge. The tolerance of nutritional supplements and its effect on the...
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Comparison of CT (power) and standard venous port systems in long-term central venous access in outpatients
Hájek, Jan ; Krajina, Antonín (advisor) ; Ferda, Jiří (referee) ; Charvát, Jiří (referee)
Summary: Comparison of CT (power) and standard venous port systems in long-term central venous access in outpatients. The aim of our study was to evaluate benefit of use of portsystems during contrast enhanced CT examinations. We studied implantation of power port systems in short and middle time period and also compared the procedure to literature informations. We also studied benefit of power port implantation procedure done under sonographic and fluoroscopic navigation. Materials and methods: There were collected patients of two cooperating departments of interventional radiology. All our patients included in the study had implanted power port systems, the procedure was done by sonographic and fluoroscopic control. We studied periprocedural and late complications of the procedure. We also studied benefit of the power port for contrast enhanced CT follow up during oncologic therapy and frequency of port using by medical staff. We studied perception of implanted power port in our patients in their daily life. Results: The primary technical success of the procedure was 100 % and we had no postprocedural pneumothorax observed. The technique of implantation of ports and power ports is the same. The average follow up in our study is 291,5 days (2-294 days). Five patients died in follow up period 2-594 days....
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Evaluation of nutritional status and cardiac risk in patients with anorexia nervosa.
Pálová, Sabina ; Charvát, Jiří (advisor) ; Ošťádal, Petr (referee) ; Zamrazil, Václav (referee)
Anorexia nervosa (MA) is serious psychiatric disease associated with significant mortality. One of the main causes of mortality in these patients is cardiac complications. In 2003 - 2010 we examined 30 patients with established diagnosis of MA. Routinely used nutritional parameters are normal even in severe malnutrition in MA patients and we can ́t use them to diagnose or monitor nutritional status. Therefore we evaluated plasma aminoacids levels to detect minor changes of protein metabolism. According to our results we found mild hyperaminoacidemia and significant elevation of Gly/Val and Phe/Tyr ratio. In the second part of our research we performed non invasive examination s in risky patients with AN to consider possible cardiac complications. Results of ECG and echocardiography confirm results of the previous published studies. Original finding is significant decrease in flow mediated dilatation of brachial artery and its normalization after realimentation. We found also in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring significant decrease in blood pressure during the active period which was the consequence of changes in the heart rate variability. Decrease of the blood pressure in patients with AN in standing position was associated with increase of HF power in supine position and particularly with the lack of...
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Czech Written Magazines for the Hearing Impaired until 1950
Charvát, Jiří ; Wolák, Radim (advisor) ; Bobková, Božena (referee)
The diploma thesis "Czech written magazines for the hearing impaired until 1950" focuses on the Czech periodical press for readers with hearing impairments, from 1918 when it was started, until communist repression began in 1950. The thesis deals with social, historical and other factors that formed the press. With the help of many quotations, it illustrates the formal and content aspects of each magazine. It introduces the motivations, people and organizations that made the magazines being published. Each paper is given details about its publishers, editors, printing houses, addresses of the editor's offices, secondary titles, periodicity, price, number of pages etc. and the development of these attributes over time. The thesis shows in detail the content and structure of the given magazines by presenting their regular columns. It monitors the graphical development of each paper's title. It briefly summarizes the relation of the hearing impaired to different kinds of media. It outlines a problem of insufficient reading skills of the pre-lingual deaf and how was it dealt with in the magazines for the hearing impaired in the first half of the 20th century.
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