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President of the French Republic its status evolution within theconstitutions and constitutional practice
Císař, Jaromír ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee) ; Giba, Marián (referee)
President of the French Republic its status evolution within the constitutions and constitutional practice Abstract This dissertation examines the character of French presidency in the republican system from the 19th to the 21st century, with emphasis on analysis of the position of power held by the presidents of the Fifth Republic from 1958 to present. It first examines the brief episode of the Second Republic from 1848-1852, then explains at length the genesis of the weak presidency in the Third Republic from 1870 and its continuation in the Fourth Republic after 1944, as well as the emergence of a strong presidency in 1958. After the historical outline, the majority of the work is focused on the status of the president in the Fifth Republic, in particular the manner of election, the length of his term, and his responsibilities. The following sections analyse the various powers of the President as articulated in the Constitution, according to the bodies to which they relate to in the system of separation of powers. First, the relations with the second branch of the two-headed executive power, which, in addition to the President, is the government and, in particular, the Prime Minister, are defined in more detail. Furthermore, attention is given to the shared powers exercised in coordination with the...
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Codification of law in France under the First Empire
Vavříček, Martin ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Císař, Jaromír (referee)
Codification of law in France under the First Empire The purpose of my thesis is to analyze genesis of preparation of six codes in France, to explain all influences and to show importance of this codification for the rest of the world. The scope of my thesis research is wider than just a description of codification works between years 1804-1815. The first part of this work explores the basis for codification. Sources of law, roman law, natural law, age of enlightenment, Declaration of the Rights and of the Citizens and legislative procedure under the First empire. The second part is composed of five chapters. Chapter one describes French Civil code promulgated in 1804. This chapter is composed of following subchapters: genesis of codification between years 1789-1804, the major figures of codification, systematics, related laws, selected paragraphs of Civil code and language quality. Chapter two is about Code of civil procedure (Code de procedure civile, 1806). It is composed of three subchapters: genesis, systematic and characteristics of this code. Chapter three describes Commercial Code (Code de commerce, 1807). This chapter includes genesis of commercial law from 16th century. The rest subchapters analyze genesis, systematic and characteristics of this codification. Chapter four is composed of...
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Legal aspects of the Jerusalem procedure with Adolf Eichmann
Kohout, David ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Císař, Jaromír (referee)
-89- 6 English Résumé, Key Words Právní aspekty jeruzalémského procesu s Adolfem Eichmannem Legal Aspects of the Jerusalem Trial of Adolf Eichmann Résumé In this diploma thesis I tried to provide a more or less complete overview of legal aspects of the trial of Adolf Eichmann and to point out some of its extra-legal consequences too. This trial took place in Jerusalem and together with the pre-trial proceedings it spanned more than two years. On the course of those two years (and predominantly during the trial proceedings) many interesting legal issues arose. Firstly, the sole fact of how the Israeli secret agents had managed to seize Eichmann in the territory of another sovereign state (Argentina) amounted to a breach of the public international law and led to an international dispute that ended up before the Security Council of the United Nations. As to the trial before the national courts of Israel (the District Court in Jerusalem and the Supreme Court of Israel), many important legal issues were raised too. Besides the objection of the counsel for the defence that Israel's right to try Eichmann precluded on the mere fact of his abduction from Argentina in breach of the international law, the courts were confronted with other jurisdictional matters as well. Both of the courts strived to overcome the...
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International legal standing of Saarland in 1918-1935
Smetana, Karel ; Císař, Jaromír (advisor) ; Seltenreich, Radim (referee)
106 Závěr: Sársko jako zvláštní mezinárodněprávní útvar bylo vytvořeno na Pařížské mírové konferenci v důsledku snahy Francie zajistit si vlastnictví sárských uhelných dolů při jejím neustálém koketování s myšlenkou vylepšení své východní hranice. Francouzští zástupci se na mírové konferenci museli utkat především s prezidentem Spojených států Woodrowem Wilsonem, který se k francouzským nárokům z principiálních důvodů stavěl zcela odmítavě. Francii se však do značné míry přesto podařilo prosadit svou, což vyústilo ve zřízení autonomního Sárska stojícího na patnáct let pod správou Společnosti národů. Řešení přijaté Velkou čtyřkou na Pařížské mírové konferenci bylo něčím zcela novým, správa Sárska byla na patnáct let odejmuta Německu a svěřena na stejnou dobu nově založené Společnosti Národů, v které z počátku Německo nemělo ani svého zástupce. Společnost Národů spravovala Sársko prostřednictvím mezinárodně obsazené pětičlenné Komise. V této Komisi nejdříve zcela převládal vliv Francie reprezentovaný jejím autoritativním prvním předsedou Francouzem Victorem Rautem. Následně, zhruba od druhé poloviny dvacátých let, však tento vliv Francie v Komisi i v celém Sársku ustupoval a Sársko pak bylo spravován Komisí - jakousi mezinárodní vládou, "v duchu Společnosti Národů". Tato změna byla především následkem...
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Constitutional development in England in the 17th century
Šulcová, Petra ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Císař, Jaromír (referee)
Constitutional development in England in the 17th century summary This thesis deals with an important period in English constitutional history. It focuses on the position of English kings and their dispute with English parliament over decisive power in the state. It attempts to describe the main changes in position of the English king and considers significance of the 17th century especially for the later development of parliamentary form of English government. The thesis is divided into four main chapters. First chapter describes the system of English law including common law, case law or law of equity and important royal prerogatives of the king for example the right to summon or dissolve parliament, to appoint judges of common law courts and royal councillors and also events of previous century, specially establishing the Church of England when house of Tudor ruled in England. Furthermore it briefly follows the historical development of parliament and its powers. Next chapters are divided according to the traditional periods of the century to years 1600-1640, 1640-1660 and 1660-1700. Individual subchapters concentrate on reign of each Stuart king. Chief attention is given to the dramatic reign of Charles I. in relation to the English civil war and execution of the king. Dispute between English kings and...
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Codification of law in France under the First Empire
Vavříček, Martin ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Císař, Jaromír (referee)
Codification of law in France under the First Empire The purpose of my thesis is to analyze genesis of preparation of six codes in France, to explain all influences and to show importance of this codification for the rest of the world. The scope of my thesis research is wider than just a description of codification works between years 1804-1815. The first part of this work explores the basis for codification. Sources of law, roman law, natural law, age of enlightenment, Declaration of the Rights and of the Citizens and legislative procedure under the First empire. The second part is composed of five chapters. Chapter one describes French Civil code promulgated in 1804. This chapter is composed of following subchapters: genesis of codification between years 1789-1804, the major figures of codification, systematics, related laws, selected paragraphs of Civil code and language quality. Chapter two is about Code of civil procedure (Code de procedure civile, 1806). It is composed of three subchapters: genesis, systematic and characteristics of this code. Chapter three describes Commercial Code (Code de commerce, 1807). This chapter includes genesis of commercial law from 16th century. The rest subchapters analyze genesis, systematic and characteristics of this codification. Chapter four is composed of...
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