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The realization of daily life in the writings of the Czechs who travelled to the Near East in the late middle ages and early modern period
Homolka, Vojtěch ; Zilynská, Blanka (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
The remote voyages were absolutely extraordinary events in the Middle Ages and Early modern period. But even people far away from home had to eat, sleep at night and take care of their appearance. I focused on the remarks in the area of daily life in the Writings of the Czechs, who travelled to the Near East in the 15th and 16th centuries. Václav Wratislav z Mitrowicz stayed in the Constantinople, Martin Křivoústý, Martin Kabátník, Jan Hasištejnský z Lobkowicz, Oldřich Prefát z Vlkanova and Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic pilgrimized to the Holy Land. Kabátník and Harant then continued to the Egypt. An alimentation of travellers consisted particularly of bread, fruits and meat. They drank in most cases water and wine. On the one hand they could taste exotic dishes; on the other hand their fare was relatively monotonous - especially on the ship, in the prison or during crossing the desert. It was necessary to keep the basic hygienic habits in order to avoid an illness. For example red pestilence or seasickness threatened. The ill pilgrims could take shelter in a hospital. The dirty travellers could visit an oriental spa that had distinction. Sleeping in the far-away countries was not too comfortable. The people slept in the hospices, in the monasteries or in the open air. They lay on the plaited matting...
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The Magdeburg law in the towns of northwest Bohemia in pre-Hussite period
Mareš, Jan ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Bobková, Lenka (referee) ; Sulitková, Ludmila (referee)
The beginnings and propagation of the Magdeburg Law in the Czech lands in the Middle Ages are in the centre of attention of historical sciences since the second half of the 19th century. The period of great interest in this theme ends in the middle of the last cen tury and there i s a change in the direction of conservation of older knowledge. A detailed look on notorious development trends in connection with use of different types of sources can open new possibilities for efforts concerning deeper cognition of one of the most important components of the so called medieval transformation. The Magdeburg Law is a phenomenon transgressing borders of contemporary as well as medieval states in Centra!- and Eastern Europe, which is the reason to study it in the context of wider regions. Presented study incorporates three themes. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the initial situation that existed in the thirteenth century in one of the most important cities of northwest Bohemia Litoměřice, the later head of a great family of cities of German town law. The starting point for an attempt to explore the Litoměřice law in the 13th century is a not preserved compilation of various legal regulations sent directly from Magdeburg to Litoměřice in 1282. This is a rare case in Czech lands, which could be...
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Power and glory of the house of the Ronower. The career of Ronower in the Luxembourg era
Párysová, Františka ; Ledvinka, Václav (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
Smrt Zikmunda Lucemburského symbolicky uzavřela jednu etapu českých dějin. Husitská revoluce přinesla do života společnosti mnohé změny a byla odrazovým můstkem ke stavovskému státu. Téměř dvě a půl století jsme sledovali osudy rodu erbu ostrve, Ronovců, kteří se stejně jako ostatní šlechtické rody snažili vybojovat své místo na slunci. Z původních severočeských sídel se Ronovci rozšířili skoro do všech regionů Čech a Moravy, když ne přímo získáním držav, tak alespoň sňatkovou politikou.K tomu je nutno připočítat držbu lén, nejčastěji v Horní Lužici nebo v Kladsku. Snad žádný český ani moravský rod se nemohl vykázat takovou migrací. Ne všechny ronovské odnože Lucemburky přežily. Již v roce 1351 vymřeli po meči Žlebští z Lichtenburka, v roce 1410 Pyknové z Lichtenburka. Odnož Škopků z Dubé vyhasla přibližně ve stejnou dobu jako lucemburská dynastie a mnoho času už nezbývalo ani pánům z Pirkštejna. Slavný Hynek Ptáček z Pirkštejna zemřel bez mužských dědiců v roce 1444. Ostatní větve prokázaly větší životaschopnost, Krušinové a Bítovští z Lichtenburka žili ještě v 2.polovině 16.století, Berkové z Dubé a páni z Lipé dokonce ještě o půl století déle.
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The Saxons in Bohemia 1631-1632
Kortus, Oldřich ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bobková, Lenka (referee) ; Fukala, Radek (referee)
Předmětem této práce je zpracování epizodické události z dějin třicetileté války, tažení saské armády do Čech v letech 1631 a 1632. Text práce je rozvržen do šesti kapitol. První z nich shrnuje přehled dosavadního bádání o tématu a seznamuje čtenáře s existující literaturou a použitými prameny pro sepsání tohoto pojednání. Druhá kapitola věnovaná počátkům tažení saského vojska do Čech řeší odpověď na některé z otázek položených v úvodu: Proč se uskutečnilo tažení do Čech? Na tuto otázku nelze zcela jednoznačně odpovědět. Podnětem k němu mohly být dva důvody spojené z faktem, že této příležitosti bylo možné využít k živení saské armády na území Čech. Prvním důvodem mohly být obavy saské strany z napadení kurfiřtství císařskými vojsky pod velením Aldringena a Tiefenbacha. Druhým důvodem mohla být obava z plánů českých pobělohorských exulantů. Ti, pod vedením Jindřicha Matyáše hraběte z Thurnu usilovali o návrat do staré vlasti a o obnovení náboženských a politických poměrů do té míry, jaké existovaly před rokem 1620. Toto se mělo zdařit vyvoláním povstání v zemi proti císaři a českému králi Ferdinandovi II. za podpory švédské armády. Tažení švédského vojska do Čech a následně do rakouských zemí se císařský dvůr, generalita a vlivné politické osobnosti dlouhou dobu velmi obávaly. Mám za to, že Arnimovo tažení...
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Lords of Waldstein in middle-ages (stems of Bohemia)
Koudelka, Pavel ; Velímský, Tomáš (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
Our work deals with the old Bohemian noble family of Waldstein. In the first part it follows the family of Markwartingian, from which the Waldsteins had separated. It describes the ascension of the Markwartingians as beneficiary aristocracy during the reign of P emyslid princes and also their later acquisition of territory around the river Jizera, which they extended within the frame of medieval colonization. Our work also deals with the most important Markwartingian ecclesiastical foundation of Hradit nad Jizerou monastery. It follows the most remarkable members of Markwartingian family, among them surpassing all Havel z Lemberka and his brother Jaroslav z Hrutice, the direct ancestor of the lords of Waldstein. The second part of our work deals with genealogy of the Waldsteins family and their pro- perty. It divides the family into three basic stems, the lords of Rotstein, the lords of D tenice and the lords of Waldstein. The lords of Waldstein are then divided into three consecutive stems: that of Lomnice, that of Waldstein and that of t panice. The work also describes the gradual decay of the first two stems and, on the contrary, the increase of the last of them. The third part of the work follows the political activities of chosen members of the Wald- stein family within the Hussite wars and shortly...
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The fiefs of castle Karlštejn
Novotná, Markéta ; Bobková, Lenka (referee) ; Ledvinka, Václav (advisor)
The study deals with the fiefs and vasalls of castle Karlštejn. Initially the fiefs were connected with the castle Kamýk nad Vltavou and came into being in the age of king Přemysl Otakar ll. It was Karel IV. who attached them to the castle Karlštejn. Most of the fiefs survived until the end of beneficiary system in the year 1869. Because of absence any theoretical article to this question I dedicated this contribution to the essential problems of this system. Especially I focused on the period from the 14. century till the beginning of 17. century. The colonization and landscape of this territory (Podbrdský and the north part of Vltavský region) - these two reasons - influenced the location of the fiefs, too far afield from the castle Karlštejn. At first the king himself and then his camera tried to maintain their position in this region. During the 14. century and at the beginnig of 15. century besides the gentry were the officials and servants from the court proofed as the vasalls. The fiefs survived the Hussite wars but the beneficiary system as a whole or unit didn't exist. As late as the third period of the 16. century Jáchym Novohradský of Kolovraty, the burgrave of castle Karlštejn and prefect of czech camera, enabled the renovation not only of the castle, but also of beneficiary system at the...
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Nunneries of Upper Lusatia between spiritual and secular power in the 16th and 17th century
Zdichynec, Jan ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
Out of the various religious and church structures of Upper Lusatia, the presented thesis focuses on the local women's religious Catholic houses, on the Cistercian convents of Marienthal and Marienstern, and the penitent sisters of Mary-Magdalene's convent in Lauban and on their domains. The period of interest is mostly 16th and 17th century. These abbeys are the only catholic institutions which have survived up to this day in the mainly protestant area. The introductory debate about monasteriologic research and about the possibilities of applying modern historical methods to the field are followed by an overview of the research dedicated to the area - both from the local and general German, or even Czech point of view. Careful analysis of the utilised resources follows. In assessing the factors that allowed the coexistence of institutions firmly tied to the Catholic Church and of the Protestant majority, it was first necessary to investigate the role of convents in the local society and to explore the earlier pre-reformation events. For the existence of monasteries of traditional orders was, in the early modern era, determined just as strongly by politics, (church) administration and by social and economical factors, as it was by its coexistence with protestantism. The existence was often continuous, tied...
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