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Penetration of B-lactam antibiotics into cerebrospinal fluid and its relationship to inflammatory markers during invasive bacterial infection
Prášil, Petr ; Buchta, Vladimír (advisor) ; Marešová, Vilma (referee) ; Boštík, Pavel (referee)
Penetration of β-lactam antibiotics into cerebrospinal fluid and its relationship to inflammatory markers during invasive bacterial infection Aim: The penetration of β-lactam antibiotics (ceftriaxone, crystalic penicillin G - potassium salt and cefotaxime) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was estabilished and the correlation between the penetration and laboratory markers of inflammation was evaluated. Materials and methods: Levels of β-lactam antibiotics in serum and CSF were determined in 24 patients (76 samples). In all patients (n = 24) the CSF/serum ratio for antibiotics was calculated and it was correlated with laboratory markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and CSF numbers of neutrophils). Besides, CSF was examined by a modified bactericidal test in patients (n = 13) with positive bacterial culture. In 14 patients (28 samples) levels of serum antibiotic concentration, both before and after its administration, were measured. Results: Serum levels of ceftriaxone before and after administration (31.2 mg/l ± SD 12.29 and 300.0 mg/l ± SD 125.9, respectively) differed with a statistical significance (p = 0.000156). Further, a significant difference between value of inflammatory markers and value of CSF/serum ratio (Kl/s) of ceftriaxone was observed. Patients with ratio values...
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Selected aspects of immunopathogenesis of HIV infection
Bartovská, Zofia ; Holub, Michal (advisor) ; Boštík, Pavel (referee) ; Marešová, Vilma (referee)
Introduction: Virus-specific CD8+ T cells are crucial to suppress the viral replication in HIV infection. Their functional status is important as well. Also, the chronic nonspecific immune activation of T and B lymphocytes plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Aim of the study: To analyze the frequency and functional status of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and the expression of nonspecific activation markers on B and T cells in HIV+ patients and to assess the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on these parameters. Patients and methods: Our cohort included 80 HIV+ patients: 36 HIV+ patients on cART, 18 patients without therapy, in whom cART was introduced during our study, 9 patients without therapy, 10 patients with primary HIV infection, 3 long-term non-progressors and 4 patients initially on cART, in whom the therapy was discontinued. Control group consisted of 34 HIV- healthy individuals. We examined CD4+ a CD8+ T cell counts, viral load, expression of nonspecific activation markers on T cells and the frequency of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells by ELISpot method and flow cytometry using MHC tetramers and intracellular cytokine detection. Results: No significant differences in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells were found between treated and untreated HIV+ patients. The frequency...
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Selected aspects of immunopathogenesis of HIV infection
Bartovská, Zofia ; Holub, Michal (advisor) ; Boštík, Pavel (referee) ; Marešová, Vilma (referee)
Introduction: Virus-specific CD8+ T cells are crucial to suppress the viral replication in HIV infection. Their functional status is important as well. Also, the chronic nonspecific immune activation of T and B lymphocytes plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Aim of the study: To analyze the frequency and functional status of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and the expression of nonspecific activation markers on B and T cells in HIV+ patients and to assess the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on these parameters. Patients and methods: Our cohort included 80 HIV+ patients: 36 HIV+ patients on cART, 18 patients without therapy, in whom cART was introduced during our study, 9 patients without therapy, 10 patients with primary HIV infection, 3 long-term non-progressors and 4 patients initially on cART, in whom the therapy was discontinued. Control group consisted of 34 HIV- healthy individuals. We examined CD4+ a CD8+ T cell counts, viral load, expression of nonspecific activation markers on T cells and the frequency of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells by ELISpot method and flow cytometry using MHC tetramers and intracellular cytokine detection. Results: No significant differences in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells were found between treated and untreated HIV+ patients. The frequency...
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Penetration of B-lactam antibiotics into cerebrospinal fluid and its relationship to inflammatory markers during invasive bacterial infection
Prášil, Petr ; Buchta, Vladimír (advisor) ; Marešová, Vilma (referee) ; Boštík, Pavel (referee)
Penetration of β-lactam antibiotics into cerebrospinal fluid and its relationship to inflammatory markers during invasive bacterial infection Aim: The penetration of β-lactam antibiotics (ceftriaxone, crystalic penicillin G - potassium salt and cefotaxime) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was estabilished and the correlation between the penetration and laboratory markers of inflammation was evaluated. Materials and methods: Levels of β-lactam antibiotics in serum and CSF were determined in 24 patients (76 samples). In all patients (n = 24) the CSF/serum ratio for antibiotics was calculated and it was correlated with laboratory markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and CSF numbers of neutrophils). Besides, CSF was examined by a modified bactericidal test in patients (n = 13) with positive bacterial culture. In 14 patients (28 samples) levels of serum antibiotic concentration, both before and after its administration, were measured. Results: Serum levels of ceftriaxone before and after administration (31.2 mg/l ± SD 12.29 and 300.0 mg/l ± SD 125.9, respectively) differed with a statistical significance (p = 0.000156). Further, a significant difference between value of inflammatory markers and value of CSF/serum ratio (Kl/s) of ceftriaxone was observed. Patients with ratio values...
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