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Essay on Dependency. Political Philosophy and Deficiency of a Man
Smutný, Robert ; Bierhanzl, Jan (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the issue of dependence in the context of political philosophy. The first chapter aims to demonstrate when and how the concept of the independent individual emerged in liberal political philosophy. At the same time, the chapter aims to highlight the historical contingency of this viewpoint, both in terms of the specific challenges liberalism sought to address and more general philosophical conceptions. The second chapter focuses on the conservative reaction to liberalism. It first identifies its distinctive features and then explores the ideas used by British conservative Roger Scruton to justify his political intuitions. Three excursions introduce Wittgenstein's argument against private language in the context of his philosophy of Lebensform, Hegel's concept of recognition from the dialectic of lord and bondsman, and Charles Taylor's concept of authenticity. The third chapter specifically examines the thinking of Judith Butler, in which the notion of dependence gradually gains increasing significance, whether in its psychological or physiological dimension. The conclusion of the thesis then attempts to demonstrate in what sense the various forms of dependence presented throughout the thesis can be understood as liberating.
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Transformation as part of colonial identity
Vidím, Václav ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Bierhanzl, Jan (referee)
(english): From a logical point of view, the colonial system is based on the difference between races, where one controls the other. This aspect significantly impacts the subjects from the perspective of their identity because their skin colour brings them significant disadvantages in how they live. The consequence of this discomfort can be the disintegration or assumption of a foreign identity, a pathological relationship to one's physicality. In the 20th century, many theorists of colonialism and post-colonialism analyzed these consequences. They are mainly Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi and the American author Nella Larsen. All three of these provide a perspective that involves an active change in appearance as a way of integration that is not otherwise possible because, as David Macey writes in Frantz Fanon's biography, there are only two ways out, putting on a white mask, or rebellion. Therefore, if we turn to the first option, it is necessary to monitor the consequences for the subject undergoing this change and the one who observes it. That is also how the colonizer is doing. Thus, this work will not work with identity as something homogeneous, unchanging and motionless but as something that undergoes constant change.
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A fractal journey. Towards a symbolic phenomenology of the atomistic revolt
Molina García, Erika Natalia ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Bierhanzl, Jan (referee)
Abstract. A fractal journey. Towards a symbolic phenomenology of the atomistic revolt. We propose the construction of a particular narration of atomism since its beginning with Democritus (460 BC.-370 BC.) until this day. Not intending to be thoroughgoing with such a wide history but aiming nevertheless to be rigorous, we open a path through the long life of this cosmological drive running in every field of science and philosophy by using a method that we call "symbolic phenomenology", in reference to our principles and themes, our limits and possibilities, to the gestures of our analyzes. The four Elements, the numbers, the u-topia, the earth and the expeausition (Skin-Show, Nancy, 2000) are consequently developed as symbols to gradually fill the notion of an atom whose meaning in the usual language has been deprived of its past and of the discontinuity that we identify as its source. By this intuitions we go forward and we discover what it could mean to have an atomistic approach to the world and which the last sprouts of this approach are: Emmanuel Levinas and Jean-Luc Nancy. Both philosophers being in a constellation that indicates us a direction, a new philosophical possibility: The phenomenology of touch. Key words: atomism, symbolic phenomenology, fractality, phenomenology of touch, expeausition.
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Identity crisis from transgender's perspective
Burdová, Veronika ; Bierhanzl, Jan (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
The work aims to explore the identity of transgender on the basis of gender and trans studies. The problem is formulated here as an identity crisis, which is currently gaining more and more response. The focus of the crisis is the very situation in trans-politics, stimulated by conflicting feelings stemming from the consequences of Judith Butler's performative theory of gender, whose work has become the founding text of queer theory. Opposition is forming in this crisis, with the transgender identity facing one another as one that supports Butler's conclusions, and the transgender (subordinated to the transgender identity) side, whose subjective experience of body forces to criticize performativity and opens up thus the question of the redefinition of essentialism. The aim of this work is to examine the current crisis of identity from the perspective of trans studies with emphasis on the issue of the body, as a determining aspect of the identification of oneself and others as male or female identity. The starting point will be Judith Butler's grasp of the subject of corporeality and analysis of the critique of her approach from from the perspectives of gender and trans studies. The conclusions of this critique should outline new ways of capturing and preserving gender identity. KEYWRODS Gender,...
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Dynamics of Everyday Life in Dialogue with Emmanuel Lévinas
Jandová, Tereza ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Bierhanzl, Jan (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The main objective of this research is to look at the topic of everyday life from a dynamic perspective. The definition of everyday life that this thesis stands upon, i.e. the presence of a subject in the world with the other(s) outlines also two main sources of its dynamics: the world and the other. The essential aim of this thesis is to show that the different attitudes towards the world and the other in the works of Husserl and Lévinas consequently influence the understanding of the everyday life as such, as well as the requirements it imposes upon the subject. The chapter dedicated to Husserl presents his concept of the world as a horizon, the irreplaceable position of perception in our access to the world and the creation of the other within the subject itself. On the contrary, Lévinas stresses the separation of the subject and he understands the world and the other as inherently belonging to this never-ending process. The motive of dependence and responsibility of the subject for the other belongs to the most significant differences between the two philosophers. Whereas Husserl proposes us a subject in the world which he accesses via perception and in which he encounters the other, Lévinas shows us subject that is born to the pre-reflexive and intersubjective world from which he first has to...
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