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Communities of millipedes (.i.Diplopoda./i.) and centipedes (.i.Chilopoda./i.) in changing conditions of montane spruce forests of the Šumava Mountains
Tajovský, Karel
In the nineties of the past century, large climax Norway spruce (.i.Picea abies./i.) areas of the Šumava Mountains were damaged by the bark beetle outbreak. The subsequent decay of spruce growths become the object of interest for management practice, nature protection as well as research activities. While the changes in forest growths under the bark beetle outbreak were well visible, there were no information about the impact of these processes and subsequent management practices used (clear cutting, spontaneous development of dead growths) on soil environments and existing communities of soil organisms. Within the soil zoological research in 1999-2010 near the localities Březník and Studená hora Mt., qualitative and quantitative parameters of millipede and centipede assemblages were studied in undamaged, damaged and dead forest stands, and in differently old clearings. Combination of methods of pitfall trapping and soil sampling served data about the composition and changes of communities of both invertebrate groups.
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Výzkum a monitoring biodiverzity půdní fauny a humusu ve smrčinách postižených kůrovcem v CHKO Šumava
Ústav půdní biologie AV ČR, České Budějovice ; Kalčík, Jiří ; Starý, Josef ; Tajovský, Karel ; Pižl, Václav ; Rusek, Josef
Cílem projektu je biomonitoring společenstev epigeonu a půdní mezo- (Collembola, Oribatida) a makrofauny (Oniscidea, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Lumbricidae) a změn mikrostruktury humusu ve smrčinách postižených kůrovcem jako klíč pro návrh lesního managementu kůrovcových kalamitních horských smrčin. Zpráva obsahuje dílčí zprávy od jednotlivých spoluřešitelů: B.1: Žížaly (Lumbricidae), B.2: Mnohonožky (Diplopoda) smrkových porostů postižených kůrovcem v NP Šumava a v Bavorském národním parku, B.3: Vliv různého managementu na společenstva pancířníků (Acari: Oribatida) klimaxových smrčin postižených kůrovcem ve vrcholových partiích Šumavy, C.4: Chvostoskoci (Collembola), hmyzenky (Protura), drobnušky (Pauropoda) a stonoženky (Symphyla) smrkových porostů postižených kůrovcem v NP Šumava a v Bavorském národním parku, C.5 Výsledky chemických rozborů půd a půdní mikrostruktury, D: Vědecké závěry, závěry pro management a závěry pro další výzkum.
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Long-term impact of forestry management on soil mesofauna (Oribatida, Collembola) biodiversity in spruce forests in the Šumava National Park
Farská, Jitka ; Jínová, Kristýna
The aim of our research is to compare Oribatid and Collembolan communities in climax spruce forest and spruce plantations. Soil samples were collected in five study sites in the Šumava National Park (5 in climax spruce forest and 5 in spruce plantation) and soil microarthropods were extracted. Oribatida and Collembola were determined to species level. Preliminary results show quantitative and qualitative changes in the community structure. Some euedaphic species do not occur in the samples from spruce plantations in comparison to the climax forests. Silvicultural practices are well known to affect microarthropod communities that are very sensitive to fluctuations in soil humidity and temperature.
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Impact of intensive trampling on soil animals in the Boubín National Natural Reserve, Czech Republic
Rusek, Josef
The impact of intensive tourist activity (trampling) on the soil fauna diversity in the Boubín National Natural Reserve (Czech Republic) was investigated. Quantitative soil samples were collected in the climax spruce forest 200 m north of the scenic observatory on the top of the Boubín Mt. (Loc. No. 1), than on a highly frequented (Loc. No. 2) and less frequented walkways (Loc. No. 3), and on a 1,5 year no more used one (Loc. No. 4). Collembola, Protura, Diplura, and Symphyla species were used as bioindicators of the trampling impact. Highest density and species number of the mentioned soil animal groups was established on the Loc. No. 1 (353100 specimens.m.sup.-2./sup. and 34 species of Collembola, 5300 specimens.m.sup.-2./sup. and 1 species of Protura, 200 specimens.m.sup.-2./sup. and 1 species of Diplura, 5600 specimens.m.sup.-2./sup. and 2 species of Symphyla).
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Millipede (Diplopoda) and centipede (Chilopoda) faunas in the spruce forests of the Bohemian Forest affected by bark beetle outbreak
Tajovský, Karel
Zoological research in the spruce forests of the Bohemian Forest affected since the nineties of the past century by bark beetle outbreak showed that the climax spruce growths are characterised by specific species composition of millipedes and centipedes. Clear cuttings expressed a decrease of their densities. Dead forests without any management showed increase of millipede populations; centipede numbers decreased but no changes in their species spectrum was observed. Spontaneous succession of dead forest growths represents more considerate variant of management towards the specific soil conditions.
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Vliv kůrovcové kalamity na společenstva epigeických Collembola (Insecta: Entognatha) klimaxových smrčin v Národním parku Šumava, Česká republika
Rusek, Josef ; Brůhová, Jindřiška
Soil surface activity of epigeic communities of Collembola were studied in undamaged climax spruce forests, in dead spruce forests after bark beetle attack and in clearings in the Šumava National Park, South Bohemia, Czech Republic. Five pitfall traps were exposed at each of the nine study sites. They were exposed for 12 months during summer, fall and winter periods from 1999 to 2000. More than 149 000 specimens of Collembola belonging to 54 species were trapped, determined and evaluated. The highest epigeic activity of Collembola was in the summer period in the undamaged spruce forests (624.2 ind./trap/30 days), lower in the dead forests (604.1 ind./trap/30 days) and lowest in the clearings (549.8 ind./trap/30 days). The undamaged spruce forests had 19, whereas dead forests only 14 and clearings 17 characteristic species with constancy C > 49 %.
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