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Where is the best research in the Czech Republic?
Jurajda, Štěpán ; Münich, Daniel
In the Czech Republic, a system of research and development (R&D) evaluation, which offers useful and adequate comparison of outputs across research workplaces and scientific fields, and which helps indentifying research excellence, remains missing. Therefore, there is a lack of information on where high-quality research is concentrated, which is necessary for efficient governance of the R&D system. Despite the Council for Research, Development and Innovation maintains a comprehensive database of R&D outputs, on the base of which an in-depth evaluation is clearly possible to perform in most scientific fields, the existing evaluations use this data far below its potential. To help in closing this gap, we used this database to conduct a relatively simple but comprehensive overview of R&D outputs of research organizations. The database allows us to derive a relatively objective criteria for the identification of workplaces with the highest concentration of excellent research outputs and at the same time reveal the amount of research published in scientific journals by scientific fields. The study has three main goals: i) To provide the academic community as well as the broader public with previously non-existent comparison of the extent of excellent scientific results in workplaces financed by public resources within scientific fields, (ii) To shed a light on the advantages, pitfalls and limitations of bibliometric analyses for the purposes of evaluation of research workplaces and scientific fields, and (iii) To draw attention to the serious flaws in the current evaluation mechanism which is central in the system of R&D governance in the Czech Republic.
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What if the government does not valorize pensions? Preliminary estimates of impacts on relative poverty of pensioners in the Czech Republic
Münich, Daniel ; Janský, Petr
The meeting of economic ministers that took place on February 27, 2012 considered steps to reduce the state budget deficit. It has been announced that: “... with regards to expenses reduction changes in valorization of pensions are considered, including the proposal to temporarily freeze pensions for two or three years.” Admittedly, proposals of this kind should always be accompanied by an impact assessment for relevant groups of people, however, they seldom do. The purpose of this study is to do that. The study quantifies the impact of lower pension valorization on the relative poverty rate of elder population. Even temporary reduction of the pension valorization rate could, in some pensioners’ households, result in a substantial growth of relative poverty. The estimates are based on data from the Czech Statistical Office SILC survey. The impacts of lower pension valorization vary distinctively according to different types of pensioners’ households. The study predicts that in the mean scenario, the ratio of people living below relative poverty level in households where at least one member is over 61 and receives a pension, will increase from today’s 3.6 to 5 percent. For pensioners over the age of 64 and living alone, and primarily in the case of women, a more significant increase can be expected from 13 to 20.8 percent. The impact of lower pension valorization would be noticeably less acute in the case of pensioners living together, those with additional income or those living in households with more members. Even if the pension valorization measures under consideration were to be implemented, the Czech Republic would still be one of the countries with the lowest relative poverty rate amongst its elder population.
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Odhad dopadů navrhovaných změn sazeb DPH na životní náklady domácností
Dušek, Libor ; Janský, P.
Tato předběžná analýza ukazuje, jak vzrostou životní náklady různým typům domácností v důsledku navrhovaných úprav sazeb DPH. V posledních měsících bylo předloženo několik návrhů daňové reformy spočívající ve sblížení sazeb DPH a případném snížení sociálního pojistného. Mediálně největší pozornosti se dostalo návrhu na sjednocení sazeb DPH na 19 procent a snížení sociálního pojistného o 5 procentních bodů, který doporučila tzv. Bezděkova komise. Hlavním argumentem pro tyto změny je efektivnější daňový systém a nutnost financovat rostoucí výdaje na důchody.
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