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	What is it laser and how does it work Zemánek, Pavel The principles of laser and laser applications will be explained to a broad spectrum of attendees. Detailed record
	Optical tweezers and applications Šerý, Mojmír ; Ježek, Jan ; Jákl, Petr ; Jonáš, Alexandr ; Zemánek, Pavel Optical tweezers is very popular tool in many areas of science, namely in medicine, biology and physics. This micromanipulation tool is contactless, sterille and could be used as very sensitive force sensor. Detailed record
	Raman microspectroscopy of living cells Samek, Ota ; Pilát, Zdeněk ; Jonáš, Alexandr ; Zemánek, Pavel Here we demonstrate the capacity of the spatially resolved Raman microspectroscopy for the analysis of selected living cells. Detailed record
	Laser photopolymerization of microstructures Ježek, Jan ; Zemánek, Pavel Laser photopolymerization is a method for creating complex three-dimensional objects with submicron details. A few millimeters long optical fiber with a diameter of about 2 .mu.m can by created by non-diffraction bessel beam. Detailed record
	Optical sorting of microparticles Jákl, Petr ; Šiler, Martin ; Zemánek, Pavel Optical sorting of microparticles with respect to their properties was demonstrated. Both static and moving interference structures were used to separate dielectric living or non-living objects of different sizes and/or shapes. Detailed record
	Experimental study of high rayleigh number convection using cryogenic gaseous 4He Urban, Pavel ; Musilová, Věra ; Skrbek, L. Several laboratories worldwide try to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of turbulent thermal convection using cryogenic He gas, a working fluid with truly remarkable and widely tuneable properties. The focus is on the efficiency of the heat transfer, experimentally studied via the Nusselt (Nu) versus Rayleigh number (Ra) dependence, especially at very high Ra. In order to resolve existing controversies among published results, we designed and built a cryogenic apparatus capable of reaching Ra up to 2 × 10e15, thus covering the range of interest where various transitions such as that into the theoretically predicted ultimate Kraichnan regime have been claimed. The cylindrical convection cell of 300 mm both in diameter and height is designed to withstand pressures up to 250 kPa at working temperatures between 4.2 K and 12 K. The main advantage of this apparatus is minimized influence of its cell design and materials used on the studied convection. The first experimental results are resented. Detailed record
	Calibration of germanium temperature sensors of helium cryostat for experimental study of natural turbulent convection Urban, Pavel ; Hanzelka, Pavel ; Musilová, Věra Experimental study of Nusselt number on Rayleigh number dependence with using of cryogenic 4He gas requires precise measurement of the temperature differenceT between the top and the bottom plates of the convection cell. A special calibration device was adapted and used for comparative calibration of germanium temperature sensors. This device enables to compare up to four sensors within the temperature range of 4.3 K – 40 K. Detailed record
	Emissivity and in situ measurement of amount of water condensed on a metallic sample Musilová, Věra ; Hanzelka, Pavel ; Králík, Tomáš Thermal radiation emissivity of technically pure aluminium contaminated by water condensate was obtained by measurement of the heat transferred between two parallel surfaces, the surface of the aluminium sample and of a dielectric layer used as a reference “black surface”. In situ measured water amount was derived from the heat transferred by vapour of subliming water during ramp of the sample temperature from 5 K to 300 K. Detailed record
	Determination of proximity effect forward scattering range parameter in e-beam lithography Urbánek, Michal ; Kolařík, Vladimír ; Král, Stanislav ; Dvořáková, Marie Electron beam lithography (EBL) is a tool for generation patterns with high resolution, so it is necesessary to control critical dimensions of created patterns, because the undesired influence of adjacent regions to those exposed can occur due to the proximity effect. Proximity effect is often described by two Gaussian function, where .alpha. represents forward scattering range parameter. Consequently, we present evaluation of proximity parameter .alpha. by various method in this paper. Detailed record
	Modification of the Schottky Fe ZrO/W electron emitter Matějka, František ; Horáček, Miroslav ; Kolařík, Vladimír ; Král, Stanislav A Schottky electron emitter with a layer of ZrOx is used in our e-beam writing system working with a rectangular-shaped electron beam. The low radius of the tip less than 300 nm is necessary for the proper function of the electron-optical system based on the principle of point projection. We studied the influence of both the surface treatment and the change of the shape of the tip on the emission characteristics. Detailed record

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