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Up-scaling and further development of matrix liposomes
Skalická, Veronika ; Paraskevopoulos, Georgios (advisor) ; Holas, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate: Veronika Skalická Supervisor: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D.; Michael Binnefeld Title of Diploma thesis: Up-scaling and further development of matrix liposomes The thesis evaluates novel matrix liposomes formed by dual asymmetric centrifugation technology. Particles' parameters (size, size distribution and ζ-potential) were analyzed by dynamic light scattering method using ZetaSizer device. Encapsulation efficacy was determined by size exclusion chromatography using carboxyfluorescein as fluorescent encapsulation marker. The overall results support that the most beneficial formulation parameters are 15 min of speed mixing process with ceramic beads of diameter 1,0-1,2 mm. Up-scaling of the procedure didn't drastically affect liposomal parameters up to a lipid batch load of 700 mg. Furthermore, the usage of different types of gelatin or glycerinated gelatin didn't significantly influenced particles' characteristics. It is noteworthy that the matrix composed of 50% glycerinated gel sustained the ability to form liposomes by dispersion of vesicular phospholipid gels in phosphate buffer saline even after 31 days. Other matrices showed a damage of liposomes as confirmed by size and size...
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Measurement of nanoparticles in 3D printing using FFF/FDM technology
Klouda, Karel ; Kubátová, Hana ; Nechvátal, Marek ; Bátrlová, Kateřina ; Roupcová, Petra
For additive manufacturing, where the material is prepared by depositing thin layers, the simplified term 3D printing is used. This process releases volatile organic compounds and ultrafine particles into the air. A number of measurements have been published on this topic for a given type of printer with a specific type of thermoplastic. The procedure for the measurement of nanoparticle concentrations (10-700 nm) and their mean diameters can be called "field" because it was carried out in a real environment with mass deployment of FFF/FDM 3D printing, with the measuring equipment moving between printers in different areas and activities: in the production of parts to be assembled in the printers; in the production of components for shields during the lockout associated with the covid-19 pandemic; in the creative workshops and laboratories of Průsa Research. The aim of these measurements in real situations was to find measures to reduce the concentration of nanoparticles. The evaluation of the results was carried out in accordance with ISO/TR 27 628 and provided for the design of technological and organisational measures to reduce the concentrations.
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Emission of nanoparticles in the nanotextile industry
Nechvátal, Marek ; Klouda, Karel ; Kubátová, Hana ; Roupcová, Petra ; Bátrlová, Kateřina
We encounter smoke quite regularly in our lives. Smoke consists of gaseous, liquid and solid components that are produced by the combustion/oxidation of fuel. The chemical composition of smoke depends not only on the fuel used but also on a number of other parameters (operation, technology, atmospheric effects). The chemical composition of smoke is therefore variable and cannot be easily characterised. The combustion of wood releases into the atmosphere not only unconsumed air but also wood particles, CO2, methane, volatile organic compounds, trace elements and ultrafine particles. Measurements are published on this topic for a given type of combustion technology with a specific fuel type. The procedure for measuring the concentration of nanoparticles (10-700 nm) in wood smoke and their mean diameters can be called "field". The aim of these measurements in real situations was to find and describe sources of elevated nanoparticle concentrations. Substantial quantitative information on the occurrence of nanoparticles in wood combustion in different types of wood burners was obtained in the field under real climatic conditions, typical of the winter season in Central Europe, when most domestic heating takes place. Thus, wood burning in households in predominantly agricultural areas of the Czech Republic can be considered as a major source of outdoor air pollution, but can also have a significant impact on the deterioration of indoor air quality. At the same time, it can be assumed that the negative impact of nanoparticles on human health in areas polluted by wood smoke is weaker than the impact elsewhere - in industrial, more polluted areas.
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Recent and subfossil chironomids as a tool for tracing of environmental changes in mountain lakes of glacial origin
Tátosová, Jolana ; Stuchlík, Evžen (advisor) ; Šporka, Ferdinand (referee) ; Brabec, Karel (referee)
JOLANA TÁTOSOVÁ, Charles University in Prague Ph.D. Thesis, 2008 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Summary Chironomid seasonality in a high mountain lake ecosystem - case study This paper summarizes result of the first complete round-year study of chironomids in the profundal zone of an oligotrophic high mountain Tatra lake - Ľadové lake - chosen as the key site in the EMERGE project. High mountain or arctic lakes are typical by the specific chironomid species composition, low species diversity at all and low abundances as well (Bretschko, 1974, Rieradevall & Prat, 1999, Aagaard, 1986, Brundin, 1956, Steinböck, 1955) Four chironomid taxa identified in the profundal of Ľadové lake (after average abundances) - Micropsectra radialis (Goetghebuer, 1939), Pseudodiamesa nivosa (Goetghebuer, 1928), Procladius (Holotanypus) sp. and Heterotrisscladius marcidus (Walker, 1856) - and the average chironomid density of 1 700 ind m-2 have confirmed this fact. The two most abundant taxa P. nivosa and M. radialis have demonstrated a univoltine life history with emergences in July and in August, respectively. According to published data, the univolitne life cycle of chironomids is expectable in high mountain or subarctic lakes (Moore, 1979, Wiederholm, 1977, Pechlaner et...
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Intravital diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases
Baranová, Soňa ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Kaňovský, Petr (referee) ; Žáková, Dana (referee)
Prionopathies, also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) and synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins (prion and α-synuclein) mostly in the central nervous system. To this day, early and definite diagnosis remains unavailable during the patient's lifetime, mainly due to the absence of reliable biomarker which makes clinical diagnosis more challenging. Therefore, the gold standard in diagnostics remains direct post-mortem evaluation of misfolded proteins within brain tissue by western blot and immunohistochemistry. In the recent years, seeding amplification assays (SAAs) like Real-Time Quacking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) emerged for ultra-sensitive ante-mortem diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. SAAs exploit ability of pathological misfolded proteins present in patient's samples to change the conformation and initiate aggregation of native recombinant protein substrate by prion-like seeding mechanism. In the presented dissertation thesis, we exploited second-generation RT-QuIC assay (55řC, 700 rpm, cycles of 1 min double-orbital shaking and 1 min incubation) utilizing recombinant hamster shortened prion protein (rHAPrP90-231) to evaluate prion seeding activity in post-mortem TSE (n=38) and non-TSE (n=30)...
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Planetary boundary layer height estimation
Růžičková, Barbora ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Holubová Šmejkalová, Adéla (referee)
The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is a key parameter for investigating interactions between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, especially for air quality assessment and pollutants' dispersion. The PBLH is highly variable in time and space as is influenced by a number of factors originating both in the atmosphere and at the Earth's surface. In this bachelor thesis, the PBLH and mixing layer height (MLH) measured at the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice over the three-year period 2020-2022 using the Vaisala CL61 ceilometer were evaluated. For both observed variables, a significant difference was found between the values measured in summer and winter: 1710 ± 760 m and 1010 ± 650 m for PBLH, 920 ± 700 m and 420 ± 330 m for MLH. Significant diurnal variability was also observed, with maxima at 15:00 UTC and minima at 03:00 UTC for PBLH and maxima at 14:00 UTC and minima at 22:00 UTC for MLH. The relationship between planetary boundary layer height and the occurrence of cyclonic and anticyclonic synoptic situations was also investigated, but was not conclusive due to the complexity of the weather patterns of each synoptic situation. Keywords: atmospheric boundary layer, mixing layer, ceilometer, ground-based remote sensing, atmospheric vertical profile
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Risk of introducton of leishmaniases into Europe
Přibylová, Helena ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Vojtková, Barbora (referee)
Leishmania is a genus of parasitic protozoa-causing disease called leishmaniasis. This disease manifests itself in some clinical forms. Proven vectors are phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From more than 900 described species of Phlebotomus to date, probably more than 80 are proven or suspected vectors of leishmanias. The main endemic area is the Mediterranean in Europe, where the proven or suspected phlebotomine sand flies occur. Over the years, more leishmaniasis cases have been reported (more than 10,000 cases of human nonendemic leishmaniasis and more than 700 imported cases of canine leishmaniasis usually from non-endemic European countries). Imported cases of leishmaniasis are mostly reported among tourists and travellers who travel due to their professional reasons (scientists, workmen, soldiers) and migrants. Phlebotomine sand flies spread to new areas and the models, which are based on climate change and the environment, show, that this trend will continue. This thesis tries to discuss some risk factors associated with the potential risk of introducing and spreading leishmaniasis into Europe. Keywords: Leishmania, Phlebotomus, leishmaniasis, introduction, Europe, distribution, risks, hosts, vectors
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Documentation of old sandstone quarry Goldnen Ranzen (Commite Steinbruch) near Hřensko (Labské pískovce)
Hocková, Eliška ; Lysák, Jakub (advisor) ; Kyncl, Günter (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to create a large-scale map of the old quarry area Commite Steinbruch near the town Hrensko in the Protected Landscape Area Labské pískovce. The work focuses on capturing the sandstone rocks and showing the remains of the quarrying that slowly blend into the nature. The rock objects are depicted using the contour method and are based on data obtained by drone and detailed airborne laser scanning (LLS). The photogrammetric data was obtained by own mapping in the locality and the LLS data was taken from the GeNeSiS project. Other data for the creation of the topographic database was derived from a geodetic mapping of the quarry and from the own field mapping, for which ArcGIS Field maps was used. The resulting map was processed in ArcGIS Pro software. The map is in digital form and is created at a scale of 1 : 700, its length and width are 430 mm. Key words: old quarry Commite Steinbruch, rock representation, mining remains, large scale map, drone photogrammetry, LLS
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The production of a gully
Králíček, Václav ; Jopek, Miroslav (referee) ; Peterková, Eva (advisor)
Aim of the thesis is possible innovation in production of a body of floor gully. Material of the gully is an austenitic stainless steel 1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10). This particular gully belongs to floor drainage portfolio of ACO Industries k.s., which is a world leading company in drainage systems. The current welded variant has been replaced by a combination of conventional drawing and dimpling. The geometry of the drain bottom was designed in accordance with the requirements of the ČSN EN ISO 14159 standard and EHEDG documents on the hygiene of equipment for use in the food industry. Technological calculations were made for the new designed geometry, the bottom of the inlet will be made in one drawing operation together with the dimpling of the pre-made hole. The production process was verified using numerical simulation. Part of the solution was the production of a prototype for testing of the flow rate. During the flow rate test, the requirements given by the standard were fulfilled. Combined tool for drawing and dimpling was designed. The tool is designed for use in hydraulic press Dieffenbacher PO250 II with magnetic tool clamping. The financial savings compared to the current floor drain design are about 243,43 CZK. With a specified production series of 700 pieces per year with an expected increase of 15 % in the following years, the return on investment for the purchase of the tool was calculated to be 2,65 years.
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Transparent YAG ceramics
Nowak, Ondřej ; Šťastný, Přemysl (referee) ; Trunec, Martin (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis was done basic theoretical analysis of problems regarding transparent ceramics, their preparation and aplications. Transparent YAG ceramics was prepared with 2 methods, cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and gelcasting (GC). Green bodies were prepared with CIP at pressure 700 MPa and 1000 MPa from 2 different slurries with 2 different Al2O3 powders and 1 prepared with gelcasting method. After that green bodies were annealed to remove binderes and vacuum sintered (10-3 Pa). Sintered samples were compared based on optical properties and microstructure. Because of better optical properties, microstructure analysis was done only on sampled pressed to 1000MPa and gelcasted. In both pressed samples high level of porosity was reported, one was almost completely non-transparent, the other was ranslucent. Sample prepared by gelcasting was almost clearly transparent, but due to presence of unreacted phase Y2O3, minor scattering of light passing through the sample was observed.
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