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Inanimate Links
Slámová, Anna ; Janoščík,, Václav (referee) ; Zálešák, Jan (advisor)
"... The above-mentioned issues for me personally created the idea of a world in which the human race ceases to exist in the form of civilization known to us, and it is transformed back to its original collective consciousness, something that is "above" -above real physical presence, beyond basic animal processes , well above the world he created for himself, and through that killed himself. Through advanced technology and ultramodern materials, as well as minerals and vitamins, which arose from the original ancient building units, transforming the world into a new form of being. Remains of human existence in the form of countless objects and materials, which finally adapted to other forms of life (not already poisoned and weakened, but instead upgraded units) have gradually become the basic building block posthuman planetary culture. Archaeological site with an area of 510.1 million square kilometers slowly melt away in their embedded meanings and emotions seeped into polyvinyl chloride, which eventually engulfed simple cell clusters..."
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Molecular analysis of Cornelia de Lange syndrom
Vokáčová, Markéta ; Schierová, Michaela (advisor) ; Jedličková, Jana (referee)
Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare, very heterogeneous, genetic disorder classified as a cohesinopathy. It is caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins of the cohesin complex or its regulators. So far, 5 major genes, whose defects are responsible for the syndrome, have been discovered. The mutated gene determines the type of heredity and, above all, the extent of the pathology. Due to dysfunction of the cohesin complex, not only the cohesion of sister chromatids is impaired, but also the regulation of gene expression and the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Knowledge of molecular aspects of the disease has been enhanced by ongoing experiments with animal models of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, cell cultures from patients, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The detailed analysis of the biological functions of the cohesin complex may help to develop therapeutic methods. Keywords: Cornelia de Lange syndrome, cohesin complex, cohesinopathy, transcriptome change, genome integrity, topologically associating domains, NIPBL
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Proteomic architecture of sperm-egg interactions
Otčenášková, Tereza ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Petr, Jaroslav (referee) ; Vrbacký, Marek (referee)
Recent advances in proteomic methods provide new insights for biological research including the field of reproductive biology. Determination of the proteomic basis of spermatozoa is pivotal for understanding the complex process of gamete interactions during fertilization such as acrosome reaction. Great differences imposed by postcopulatory sexual selection and phylogeny can be observed regarding the size, shape, and molecular composition of sperm across animal taxa. The first objective of this doctoral thesis is to characterize the protein contents of the acrosome to ascertain its further functional significance in sperm-egg interaction. Also, we aim to investigate the potential relationships between sperm protein composition and sperm morphology diversification, risk of sperm competition, and species phylogenetic background. Wild-caught males from natural populations of species of Mus musculus musculus, Apodemus flavicollis, Microtus arvalis (order Rodentia), Acrocephalus palustris, Chloris chloris, Phylloscopus collybita, Cinclus cinclus, Hirundo rustica, and Taeniopygia guttata from a captive population (order Passeriformes) were subject to the analyses. Nano-liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was applied as the main methodological approach in this thesis. Our data implicate...
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Molecular characterisation of the binding of influenza virus neuraminidase with inhibitors
Hejdánek, Jakub ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Vaněk, Ondřej (referee)
Influenza virus is responsible for seasonal epidemics among human population. Flu illness usually causes only mild symptoms and can be overcome by few days rest. However, this illness might have fatal consequences for young, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Some viruses are able to "jump" across species resulting in rise of new types of virus that can have pandemic potential. The search for new treatment options to prevent emergence of new pandemics is thus a high priority task. Influenza virus neuraminidase is a protein located on the surface of viral particles. It has enzyme activity and catalyzes release of newly formed viral particles from cytoplasmic membrane of infected host cells. This step is crucial in virus life cycle, so the active site of this enzyme has become an important target for development of anti-influenza drugs. The neuraminidase inhibitors are currently the only effective drugs used for influenza treatment. Nowadays, there are two drugs against flu used worldwide: Tamiflu (oseltamivir) and Relenza (zanamivir). Recently, resistant influenza strains have been detected with increasing frequency. Point mutations in the active site of neuraminidase are causing decreased susceptibility of virus to inhibitors. Formerly, it was thought that these mutations would...
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Rhomboid family intramembrane proteases in prokaryotes: mechanism, substrate repertoires and biological functions in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Began, Jakub
Rhomboid proteases are a class of serine intramembrane proteases, a large family of enzymes that catalyze the proteolytic cleavage of membrane proteins within their transmembrane regions, in the hydrophobic environment of cellular lipid membranes. Rhomboid proteases were discovered in 2001 in Drosophila. In their pioneering study, Lee et al. identified the essential role of Rhomboid-1 protein (Rhom-1), which proteolytically activates the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling pathway, in the early stages of fly eye development. Members of the rhomboid superfamily - active proteases (rhomboids) as well as their catalytically-dead counterparts (rhomboid-like proteins, including iRhoms and Derlins) - are widely conserved, implying their biological significance. Rhomboids are present in all kingdoms of life from archea to humans, while proteolytically inactive rhomboid-like proteins are present in eukaryotes only. Rhomboid superfamily proteins play roles in a wide range of processes, as diverse as signaling in metazoan development, mitochondrial biogenesis in yeast, host- cell invasion by protozoan parasites, protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or bacterial quorum sensing. Rhomboids are the best understood intramembrane proteases from a structural and mechanistic points...
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Rhomboid family intramembrane proteases in prokaryotes: mechanism, substrate repertoires and biological functions in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Began, Jakub
Rhomboid proteases are a class of serine intramembrane proteases, a large family of enzymes that catalyze the proteolytic cleavage of membrane proteins within their transmembrane regions, in the hydrophobic environment of cellular lipid membranes. Rhomboid proteases were discovered in 2001 in Drosophila. In their pioneering study, Lee et al. identified the essential role of Rhomboid-1 protein (Rhom-1), which proteolytically activates the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling pathway, in the early stages of fly eye development. Members of the rhomboid superfamily - active proteases (rhomboids) as well as their catalytically-dead counterparts (rhomboid-like proteins, including iRhoms and Derlins) - are widely conserved, implying their biological significance. Rhomboids are present in all kingdoms of life from archea to humans, while proteolytically inactive rhomboid-like proteins are present in eukaryotes only. Rhomboid superfamily proteins play roles in a wide range of processes, as diverse as signaling in metazoan development, mitochondrial biogenesis in yeast, host- cell invasion by protozoan parasites, protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or bacterial quorum sensing. Rhomboids are the best understood intramembrane proteases from a structural and mechanistic points...
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Rhomboid family intramembrane proteases in prokaryotes: mechanism, substrate repertoires and biological functions in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Began, Jakub ; Stříšovský, Kvido (advisor) ; Bařinka, Cyril (referee) ; Krásný, Libor (referee)
Rhomboid proteases are a class of serine intramembrane proteases, a large family of enzymes that catalyze the proteolytic cleavage of membrane proteins within their transmembrane regions, in the hydrophobic environment of cellular lipid membranes. Rhomboid proteases were discovered in 2001 in Drosophila. In their pioneering study, Lee et al. identified the essential role of Rhomboid-1 protein (Rhom-1), which proteolytically activates the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling pathway, in the early stages of fly eye development. Members of the rhomboid superfamily - active proteases (rhomboids) as well as their catalytically-dead counterparts (rhomboid-like proteins, including iRhoms and Derlins) - are widely conserved, implying their biological significance. Rhomboids are present in all kingdoms of life from archea to humans, while proteolytically inactive rhomboid-like proteins are present in eukaryotes only. Rhomboid superfamily proteins play roles in a wide range of processes, as diverse as signaling in metazoan development, mitochondrial biogenesis in yeast, host- cell invasion by protozoan parasites, protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or bacterial quorum sensing. Rhomboids are the best understood intramembrane proteases from a structural and mechanistic points...
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Determination of rubidium in selected plant extracts by atomic absorption spectrometry
Šatrová, Lucie ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Jelínek, Ivan (referee)
In this diploma thesis, rubidium in plant material samples was determined by atomic absoption spectrometry. Determination of plant material rubidium was performed on two different atomic absorption spectrometers (GBC 933 AA and ContrAA 700) for comparison. The selection of a proper method of atomization was essential, therefore optimizations for the flame atomizer and electrothermal atomizer were performed. On the GBC 933 AA, flame atomization was tested. The flow rate of the acetylene-air, vertical and horizontal flame profile, spectral interval width was optimized for the instrument. On the ContrAA 700, the conditions for flame atomization were optimized as well as for electrothermal atomization. The optimized parameters included the acetylene-air flow rate and the vertical flame profile again. For the electrothermal atomization, the temperature dependence of pyrolysis and the temperature dependence of atomization were optimized. Under experimentally determined optimal conditions, the determination of rubidium in fruit and vegetable juice samples was performed by the method of calibration curve. Rubidium usually accompanies toher alkali metals. In the absence of essential biogenic elements iportant for plant growth, rubidium is able to help out and take on the role of potassium.
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Milk and plant based milk from a nutritionist's point of view
Šalovská, Martina ; Mottlová, Alena (advisor) ; Dostálová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on differences between animal milk and its plant-based alternatives. This work is divided into a practical and theoretical part. The theoretical part describes composition of the plant-based milk, its consumption and its quality compared with the animal milks. One section from the theoretical part deals with the most frequent myths about animal milk. The practical part is devoted to a research. The main aim of this research was to find out (by using a questionnaire), whether and how often students consume animal milk and its plant-based alternatives, which of these they prefer, what the reason for the consumption is and what the sources of the information on animal milk and its plant-based alternatives are. Other aims of this research are to evaluate the knowledge of the questioned students about this issue and to find out how the students perceive this problem and to prove or disprove the stated hypotheses. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to help clients to orient themselves in the information on animal milk and its plant-based alternatives and to clarify some of the myths which still occur in the population. Key words: milk plant milk the effect of milk on health milk composition
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The illness of pre school age children in connection with level of vitamin D in blood
KAISEROVÁ, Klára
Literature and individual authors, for example, in the Czech Republic, Tláskal (2013) and Broulík (2013) agree and draw attention to the negative effect of vitamin D deficiency on a wide range of diseases. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out how low levels of vitamin D affect the occurence of respiratory diseases in pre-school and school children. A complementary subject of research is to determine the proportion of vegetable oils or animal fats used in the preparation of children's diet in the home environment. In connection with sun-light and vitamin D formation, I will also look at whether parents apply to children creams with a protective factor, or when. The theoretical part describes the basic information about vitamins and more specifically is devoted to groups of fat and water soluble vitamins. Another part of the theoretical work is dedicated to vitamin D, which deals with both basic information as well as detailed problems of the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the immune system of children. Furthermore, in the theoretical part of the thesis, the optimal plasma calcidiol saturation is mentioned, closely related to the research part of the thesis. In the practical part I worked with a set of 17 respondents in pre-school and school age, and they were divided into two groups. The first group consists of 12 respondents with recurring airway inflammation; the second group consisted of 5 "healthy" children who did not experience recurrent airway inflammation. By venipuncture (venous blood sampling), all patients were laboratory tested and then compared the blood vitamin D level with the physiological standard of the age group. The question of the fat ratio in the diet and the use of sunscreen was evaluated by a questionnaire for all respondents. From the processed results in our research group of respondents it has been shown that the level of vitamin D in blood in children with respiratory diseases is low. It has also been shown that in the preparation of the diet in both groups of respondents, vegetable oils predominate above the animal fats. The results showed that parents in most cases apply sunscreen creams in direct sunlight if they do not visit the sea most often in the Czech Republic. The overall factors that could have the most impact on the outcome of the whole practical part of the thesis are the small number of respondents overall.
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