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The Trade Relations between the Hanseatic League, Livonia, Veliky Novgorod and Pskov from the 12th to the early 16th Century
Smrž, Pavel ; Picková, Dana (advisor) ; Švec, Luboš (referee) ; Voloshchuk, Myroslav (referee)
SMRŽ, Pavel, The Trade Relations between the Hanseatic League, Livonia, Veliky Novgorod and Pskov from the 12th to the early 16th Century Abstract The thesis examines the historical dynamics of interactions between the Livonian state and the Hanseatic League on one side and their eastern counterparts, the cities of Novgorod and Pskov, on the other. The study's temporal scope spans from the 12th century to the early 16th century, respectively through the year 1503. During the 12th century, merchants hailing from Scandinavia and northern German regions initiated initial engagements with medieval Russia and the final treaty, dating from the era of Grand Prince of Moscow Ivan III, was ratified in 1503. This ruler, on one hand, definitively put an end to the political autonomy of Veliky Novgorod, and on the other hand, strengthened the ties between Pskov and Moscow, thereby significantly altering the political conditions in which the two cities coexisted with their Livonian neighbours and trade partners for three centuries. The author set several objectives in addressing the chosen topic. One of them was to, through content analysis of extensive source material, particularly diplomatic treaty texts, explain how the practical dynamics of relations between Novgorod, Pskov, and their Livonian partners operated, how...
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Building cognitive resilience: example of Finland's countering of the Russian disinformation threat
Gorbatova, Maria ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Švec, Luboš (referee)
This thesis examines the issue of disinformation as one of the types of Russian hybrid warfare in European democracies. It is based on the hypothesis that the key to successfully countering disinformation is primarily the long-term building of social resilience, which cannot be replaced by reactive temporary measures. Among the many components of resilience, it mentions strategic government communication, a comprehensive approach to security, a strong role for traditional media, media literacy and the ability to cooperate politically on vital issues. Finland also dedicates sufficient resources to monitoring and countering foreign disinformation, with particular consideration for Russia, and can therefore anticipate and prepare for possible destabilisation in advance. The example of Finnish society during the COVID-19 pandemic shows how this resilience can be strengthened even in times of crisis, thus preventing the spread of disinformation.
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The process of the establishment of national Lithuanian historiography in the 19th century
Čeladín, Jindřich ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee) ; Šeferis, Vaidas (referee)
The Process of Constituting National Lithuanian Historiography in the 19th Century Until the 19th century, Lithuanian historiography was understood as provincial, the national identity of Lithuanians had not been defined yet, and the formation of the modern Lithuanian nation had practically not begun yet. Lithuanian national culture, influenced by the dominant Polish culture, had to gradually develop in the 19th century. The first Lithuanian-written national history was written by Simonas Daukantas. The main work "Būdas senovės lietuvių, kalnėnų ir žemaičių" was published under a pseudonym in St. Petersburg only in 1845. Daukantas can be considered the founder of modern Lithuanian historiography in the national sense. As Vilnius University was closed after the defeat of the uprising in 1832, the center of higher education of Lithuanians moved to Russian universities. One of this next generation of intellectuals was the main thinker of the Lithuanian national revival, Jonas Basanavičius, who in 1883 became the founder of the first Lithuanian enlightenment magazine Aušra. The debate on the meaning of Lithuanian history and its exclusion from Polish historiography took place at the end of the 19th century more on a journalistic level. In my dissertation, I focused on determining the point at which...
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The League of Nations and collective security: Reactions to Munich and the Winter War
Linhart, Kryštof ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the reaction of the League of Nations to the key events of Czechoslovak and Finnish history, Munich and the Winter War. The thesis examines the events from the perspective of the League of Nations in order to determine what factors influenced the League response, taking into account the form of the Pact itself and the wording of the individual articles dealing with collective security. The thesis offers insights into the formation of the League of Nations itself, the resulting form of the Pact, and the most important interwar initiatives for the peaceful settlement of disputes. The main focus of the thesis is to examine the response of the League of Nations to Munich and the Winter War, with each of the chapters devoted to a given issue presenting the situation in which the League of Nations found itself in a given year (spring-summer 1938, autumn 1939), as well as focusing on the factors that influenced the operation of this peace-keeping international organization and affected its response to the events under examination. These include the failure to resolve previous crises of the 1930s (Abyssinia), the submission or non-submission of disputes for negotiation, and the influence of the Great Powers, particularly Great Britain and France. The subsequent comparison of...
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European diplomacy and attempts at a cease of Polish-Lithuanian dispute
Kosina, Robert ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee)
This work is focusing on attempts of the European diplomacy to cease Polish - Lithuanian dispute. By using the scholar literature, it describes realities of the first years after first world war and the renewal of independency of both states. Following is the Vilnius question which is the most important theme of the work. By describing the context and situation in the region, it analysis possible reasons of why the attempts failed. Work also contains the final state of the dispute and how it affected the future of Polish - Lithuanian relations.
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The Great Powers and the Winter War: Approach to the Soviet-Finnish Conflict
Mečířová, Šárka ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
This thesis deals with an approach of Great Britain, France, Germany and the United States to the winter war. A military conflict between Finland and the Soviet Union, which began without any declaration of war on 30th November 1939 and ended by the Moscow peace treaty on 13th March 1940. The aim of this thesis is to analyze power interests and motivation of mentioned great powers in ongoing crisis. The analysis is followed by their comparison based on analysis of primary and secondary sources. This comparison implies that even though mentioned states found common ground, like England and France did in the case od nordic intervention, or their approach was similar by chance, their motivation was different and was influenced by different factors.
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