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Influence of visceral adipose tissue mass on energy expenditure
Alexandrová, Pavla ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
Obesity represents a serious chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by an increased proportion of fat on the body composition of the current weight gain above the normal range. Obesity is to be understood as a disease, while an important risk factor contributing to the emergence of a number other diseases. Android (abdominal, visceral) obesity is characterized by increased Visceral fat plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of non-communicable diseases mass occurrence, which are included under the term metabolic syndrome - insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, gout, dyslipidemia, in a broader sense also hyperuricaemia, coagulation disorders, and others. Gynoid (gluteofemorální) Obesity is a metabolic point of view to give less risk of complications.
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Change of Triglycerides Level in Relation to Waist Circumference by Obese Women in Dietary Regime
Mikušová, Tereza ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
The topic of his thesis Change triglycerides in relation the waist circumference at dieting obese women I chose because of becoming more timely issue of obesity in the Czech Republic. Obesity is also closely associated with new discoveries in the field of endocrinology and metabolism of adipose tissue, which is still unexplored and offers perhaps surprising findings. Within the classification of the severity of obesity and related metabolic risk in practice, their evaluation is used waistline. Interestingly, in which the parameters describing the state of the human body, it is demonstrated relationship with this indicator.
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The influence of dietary therapy on insulin resistance in obese persons
Šomlóová, Zuzana ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
Obesity is accompanied mankind throughout its existence, we have evidence of it has to prehistoric times. People have had enough physical activity and had little energy intake , therefore , the incidence of obesity rather rare. Although obesity has been well is an individual problem , more and more perceived as a serious and growing social health problem. Increased weight proved predisposing factor for various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes , sleep apnea , osteoarthritis , colorectal cancer and other tumors . It increases insulin resistance , which is a precursor of diabetes mellitus. It is part of metabolic syndrome , along with changes in lipid levels , increased blood pressure and insulin resistance . Despite the widespread access to information on nutrition in schools , in hospitals and on the Internet , overeating remains a major problem . according to data WHO , the average daily per capita calorie intake of 9660 kJ in 1963 to 10 250 kJ in 1971 and 11 420 kJ in 1992. estimated to be energy intake in 2010 increased to 12,200 kJ . Between 1977 and 1995, fourfold increased calorie intake and income tripled energy-rich foods from fast food . Obesity and overweight are becoming a global epidemic and therefore we need more focus on the prevention of obesity...
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Association between Visceral Fat and Metabolic Variables. The Metabolic Syndrome
Richardsen, Monira Cecilie ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
Obesity is an increasing health problem worldwide. Visceral fat has been associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. The co-occurrence of a cluster of factors is constantly increasing, making this syndrome the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes type 2. The present investigation showed that visceral fat in overweight and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome has a high correlation with HOMA, triacylglycerol, increased wait hip ratio and several other metabolic variables. The only parameter that did not differ among the three groups of subjects was the level of cholesterol.
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Insulin resistance as a predictor of weight loss during weight reduction regimes
Šigutová, Iva ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor)
The issue of insulin resistance is currently widely discussed issues, particularly with regard to the relationship to obesity. This is a topic of much current, since it is obesity with its complications are one of the typical effects changes in contemporary lifestyles. Generally known fact is the increase of insulin resistance due to obesity. On the contrary, the reduction of body weight involves a reduction in insulin resistance. The issue, however, can be seen from the other side: it can be insulin resistance predictor of weight loss in reducing mechanisms? Examination of the mechanism is one of the objectives of this work. Another objective is examining the issue of obesity, izulinové resistance in general. One of the proponents of the theory as a predictor of insulin resistance is For example, E. Ravussin, the results of this work will be confronted with research on this issue in the Czech Republic.
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Role of adipose tissue in the ethiopatogenesis of insulin resistance
Polák, Jan ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hainer, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rossmeisl, Martin (referee)
Adipose tissue is involved in etiopathogenesis of insulin resistance and subsequent metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Mechanisms responsible for this association are investigated vigorously. One of the well accepted mechanisms linking excessive accummulation of adipose tissue with a development of insulin resistance are free fatty acids, which are released into circulation after hydrolysis of triglycerides stored in adipose tissue in a process of lipolysis. Impairments in a regulation of lipolysis are described in obese patients and lead to increased plasma level of free fatty acids and to impaired mobilisation of energy stores during exercise. In this PhD thesis, regulation of lipolysis in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissuewas investigated using microdialysis technique. In the first paper we have observed that dysregulation in catecholamine-induced lipolysis and impaired insulin action in adipose tissue can be improved by dynamic-strength training in obese men. In the second study, we have demonstrated significant involvement of newly discovered lipolytic pathway mediated by atrial natriuretic peptide in lipolysis stimulation during exercise. Adipose tissue is producing several protein substances with regulatory and endocrine functions collectively named...
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Regulation of human adipose tissue gene expression in relation to obesity and insulin resistance
Klimčáková, Eva ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee) ; Vidal, Hubert (referee)
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among possible mechanisms leading to IR are increased plasma levels of free fatty acids and Alfred levels of adipokines secreted from adipose tissue (AT). In the first part of the work, we studied obese patients during different nutritional and physical activity interventions. Phenotypic data were related to the expression of AT genes potentially involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity (IS) and/or low-grade inflammation. We confirmed that aerobic and dynamic strength training improved IS and demonstrated that these interventions do not promote changes in subcutaneous AT gene expression or in plasma levels of adiponectin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but decrease circulating leptin level. Very low calorie diet followed by low calorie diet and weight maintenance period enhanced IS in obese women and diminished retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in plasma, but RBP4 mRNA levels were reduced only after very low calorie diet. Our findings indicate that the investigated adipokines, except potentially leptin, might not be mediators of changes in IS induced by lifestyle interventions. In the second part of the work, we investigated the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors...
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