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Paleosols of Zemechy Loess Ravine
Vejrostová, Lenka ; Zádorová, Tereza (referee) ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with paleosols of Zemechy loess ravine. It is divided into three main parts. In the first part the issue of paleopedology, position of soil in Quarternary cycle of climate and sedimentation and methods of study of paleosols are being dealt with. Next part of the bachelor thesis is concerned with methods and data sources used in the thesis. Its main purpose is to give basic characteristics about the region of interest. In the third part of the thesis information and facts obtained are summarized and discussed. Outcome of the thesis is to characterize paleosols of Zemechy loess ravine (aim of the thesis) and a basis for future work of the author. Key words: paleopedology, fossil soils, Quarternary, Zemechy loess ravine, Kralupy nad Vltavou
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Soil changes after land use changes
Stehlík, Martin ; Janderková, Jana (referee) ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor)
Práce se zabývá změnami vybraných půdních znaků a vlastností na plochách bývalé orné půdy přeměněné v lesní plochy ve středočeském Plutonu v dolním povodí řeky Sázavy. Jsou zkoumány časová období 8, 15, 25 - 35, 50 - 55, 100, 160 a 235 let od ukončení zemědělské činnosti. V práci jsou dále hodnoceny dostupné zdroje pro sledování změn v krajině a analyzovány jejich přínosy. Výsledky vykazují pokles hodnot pH ve všech studovaných hloubkách půdního profilu a růst mocnosti humusového lesního horizontu. Podíl půdní organické hmoty (SOM) postupně narůstá v čase v hloubce 3 - 5cm oproti ostatním hloubkám. Znaky dřívější zemědělské činnosti jsou znatelné až 100 let po jejich ukončení. Klíčová slova: Land use, historická geografie, zalesňování na orné půdě, pH, půdní organická hmota (SOM), barva, středočeský Pluton, dolní povodí Sázavy Abstract The thesis concerns with changes of soil features and characteristics on the areas of former arable land transformed to the forest area. The research took place in the region of central-Bohemian pluton in lower basin of the Sázava river. Time periods of 8, 15, 25-35, 50- 55, 106, 160 and 235 years since the abandonment of farming (agricultural activity) are explored. Furthermore, available sources for monitoring of landscape changes and their contribution are also...
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Change of soil cover in southern suburban area of Prague
Stachura, Jan ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee) ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor)
Main topic of the work is a process of appropriation of land in connection with suburbanization which made soil consumption faster. Process of growing metropolis into landscape is accompanied by many changes. First result is lost of agricultural land by built them over. This process is supported by lower costs of building on agricultural area than on old brownfield area in the city centre. Soils in periphery areas have high fertility so they're a non-renewable resource for food production which we have lost. We have to describe the process of lost of agricultural soils, quantify it and also we have to take it into account in landscape and urban planning. The work describes land-use changes and also quality of soils which were built-over. Soil quality is described by point evaluation of BPEJ units. Other consequences of increase of built-up areas and impervious surfaces are mentioned in literature retrieval of work. Results of the work are compared with the results of other studies made in different areas. Keywords: appropriation of soils, urban sprawl, suburbanization, Prague periphery
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Soil C content dynamics
Bláhová, Štěpánka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kubát, Jaromír (referee)
Climate change is the main topic in the broad scientific community for its natural, social and economical consequences and its impact on human lives. The global carbon cycle is a major component in these problems. High rates of anthropogenic CO2 emissions have been partly restrained by terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding carbon flows and mechanisms in different land use is essential for mitigation of further changes. This diploma thesis applies soil organic matter model RothC-26.3 to simulate the effect of awaited climate change on two agricultural sites in the Czech Republic - Ruzyně and Lukavec, from 1990 until 2065. Simulations were executed for three sowing plans: traditional Norfolk, canola cultivation and change from agricultural land to a grassland. In Ruzyně, the accumulation of total on-site carbon was observed in all these three sowing plans for the whole time period. In Lukavec, the Norfolk sowing plan showed a slight loss of carbon, the carbon in the canola sowing plan stagnated and in the land-use change case the carbon rose. The main difference between the sites is the clay content percentage, however, clay is not responsible for such a difference between the sites. There was not much comparison between measured and modelled data as yet; this is planned to be done in further research to...
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Colluvial soils - their characteristics and spatial delineation at chosen study areas in the Czech republic
Zádorová, Tereza ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee) ; Sobocká, Jaroslava (referee)
Colluvial soils, formed in areas of increased accumulation of soil material, represent an important element in landscape and soil mosaic, whose development is still in progress. Their spatial distribution and profile thickess are considered to be important indicators of processes leading to significant landscape changes. Their importance also consists in very deep humus horizon which makes them a vast storage of organic carbon. Mapping of colluvial soils represents a substantial contribution in the update process of classic soil maps. The aim of the thesis is a complex analysis of the colluvial soil unit in terms of its relation to soil properties, terrain and geological predispositions and relevance in soil mapping. The study results are based mainly on detailed terrain survey, digital terrian model analysis and modern pedometric methods application. The research was proceeded in three study areas with significant pedological and geological differences and various predisposiotion for colluviation intensity and velocity and resulting character of colluvial profiles. Diverse character of the study areas was the main factor of the spatial distribution and properties of the colluvial soils. In Chernozem region, intensive erosion resulted in formation of colluvial soils characterized by thick humus...
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Natural restoration of mining sites: Vegetation succession and soil development: A case study from granodiorite quarries and dumps near the town Skuteč
Chuman, Tomáš ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee) ; Hradecký, Jan (referee)
Ir !ntroduction Environmenta| impaď caused by mining is considerab|e' The impact of mining on re|ief and landscape character is particularly substantial as could be documented on earth material transfer. While transfer of earth material caused by natural processes (erosion, sedimentation) is about 4 millions of cubic meters per year, anthropogenic transfer is close to 330 millions (Kukal' 2006) and material transfer due to mining represents the greatest proportion' lt is estimated that the surface minera| extraďion already covers 1% of the |and surface (Wa|ker & del Moral 2003). |n the czech Republic the extent of mining sites reached 0,8% in 2006 (Statistical Environmental Yearbook of the Czech Republic 2008). Miningcausesineversib|emodificationofre|ieíremovesvegetationandsoi|cover causing loss of biotopes. on the other hand mining creates new sites in the landscape e'g' water bodies, rock walls and screes. These sites are often unique and contrasting with the surrounding landscape and might harbor specific species afrer mine/quarry abandonment. Traditional approach to restoration was considered to be the restoration (reclamation) of production, whether agricultural or forestry, causing elimination of potential site diversity by morphology adjustment' topsoil application and tree planting or trefoil-grass...
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Dokončení edice půdních map ČR
Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Brno ; Němeček, Jan ; Šefrna, Luděk ; Sedláček, Jan ; Tomášek, Milan ; Janderková, Jana
Projekt řeší kompletaci nedokončené edice půdních map v rámci "Souboru map geofaktorů životního prostředí" vydávaných ČGÚ. K řešení se využívají prvky gisové tvorby map, finálním výstupem projektu bude digitální vektorová vrstva půdních jednotek na subtypové úrovni, které budou centrálně ukládány v půdní mapové databázi MŽP a AOPK ČR. V prvním roce řešení projektu byl vypracován podrobný metodický postup řešení projektu a k jeho ověření byla podle přijaté metodiky sestavena už v digitální vektorové formě s polygony areálů půdních jednotek půdní mapa 1 : 50 000, list 24 – 24 Prostějov.
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