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Formation of the Israeli political elites, 1919-1949
Zouplna, Jan ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Wanner, Jan (referee) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
The submitted dissertation seeks to analyze the political process associated with the origins of the lsraeli polity during the British Mandate over Palestine. Particular attention is given to the political turmoil within two rival blocks: the Zionist Labor movement and the Revisionist movement. The structure of the dissertation reflects the fact that Haim Weizmann, the longserving president of the Zionist Organization, and his then dominant General Zionists were sidelined at the turn of 1920s and 1930s by the two activist trends of Zionist politics that came to dominate Israeli society from that time forward. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Jews in Finland during World War II
Dvořáková, Jana ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor)
Before and during World War II there was almost no Anti-Semitism in Finland, and in fact, the Finnish government refused to condone the Nazis' anti-Jewish platform. When Finland also refused to cooperate with the Soviet Union in late 1939, Soviet troops attacked Finland. As equal Finnish citizens, the country's Jews joined the army to fight the Soviets; some 15 were killed and many others were wounded. After holding out for several months, Finland surrendered to the Soviet Union in March 1940 and was forced to hand over some of its territory to the Soviets. In 1941 German troops came to Finland; Finland then joined Germany as its ally in the attack on the Soviet Union in order to recapture the land it had lost to the Soviets in the Winter war. Some 300 Jews (Finnish citizens and refugees from other countries) served in the Finnish army during the Continuous war. The German authorities requested that the Finnish government hand over its Jewish community, but the Finns refused. Reportedly, when SS chief Heinrich Himmler brought up the "Jewish question" with Prime Minister Johann Wilhelm Rangell in mid-1942, Rangell replied that there was no Jewish question in Finland; he firmly stated that the country had but 2,000 respected Jewish citizens who fought in the army just like everyone else, and thus closed the...
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The cycle of stories on Joseph in the Jewish tradition, Genesis 37 - 50
Kracíková, Jindřiška ; Oliverius, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee)
This thesis, The Cycle of Stories on Joseph in the Jewish Tradition; Genesis 37-50, deals with mediaeval rabbinic commentaries dating back to the 11th to 18th century. The thesis has a general introductory chapter which describes the interpretation methods and schools, their influence and significance for further development of the biblical commentary, followed by studies in exegetic works by selected important rabbinic authorities, such as Rashi, Rashbam, Abraham ibn Ezra, Ramban, Isaac Abravanel, Obadia Sforno and Hayim ben Atar. The final part of the thesis deals with the translation and interpretation of the biblical text, comparing some rabbinic opinions on difficult passages in the text with the Czech translations which are based on the Hebrew language. The passage which is the subject of the studies consists of chapters 37-50 in the book of Genesis, which contains the novel on Joseph, a complete story with several storylines. The story, which covers nearly one third of the book of Genesis, is multilayered, complete and exceptional in terms of its composition, contents, semblance and message. This thesis also includes an appendix containing the author's translation from the original language, both of the studied passages of the biblical text and of the commentaries of representatives of the North...
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INFLUENCE OF HASKALAH ON THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Pavlovská, Zuzana ; Nosek, Bedřich (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The geopolitical conditions in Europe at the end of the 17th century, the transition from absolutist order to democratic systems, prompted a new cultural stream - the Enlightenment. Due to economic, social, and cultural changes in the 18th century, the Jewish Enlightenment, the so called Haskalah, emerged as a movement that brought European Enlightenment into the Jewish world. The Haskalah was an ideological and social movement that began in the early 19th century and was active until the rise of the Jewish national movement in the early 1980's. In a sense, the Haskalah represented the spread of the 18th century European Enlightenment but mainly dealt with the political status of the Jews and their relationship to European culture. Essentially, the Haskalah sought to exploit the new possibilities of economic, social, and cultural integration that became available to Jews at the end of the 18th century through the elimination of legal discrimination. Supporters of the movement - Maskilim worked in various fields: philosophy, education, culture, economy, politics, and religion. To promote Jewish emancipation in Europe, Maskilim caused a social upheaval, which resulted, among other things, in the disintegration of the traditional concept of the Kehilah and its theocratic organizational structure....
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Formation of Israeli National Identity in poems of Natan Alterman
Tintěrová, Monika ; Šedinová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Boušek, Daniel (referee)
The presented diploma thesis named "Formation of Israeli National Identity in Poems of Nathan Alterman" aims to present its reader from an interdisciplinary perspective of scientific discipline of Anthropology of Literature, way by which was the poetic text used in the process of forming of the Israeli National Identity. That is demonstrated on the chosen case study of two poems of Nathan Alterman (1910-1970): Silver Plate and About This. Alterman, one of the most known poets of Israeli War of Independence, published these poems in his regular newspaper platform Seventh Column in leading left oriented journal Davar. First of the poems was written still in the pre-state period in the year 1947 and expressed a severe critics to a Zionistic perception of the expected war which was about to burst out with the upcoming end of the British Mandate on Palestine and division of the territory into an Arabic and Jewish state. Second poem was published almost exactly a year after the first one and criticizes war behaviour of the Israeli army to local Arab inhabitants. Both these poems foreshadowed Alterman's way of his relation to the ruling establishment and not only him but of all his generation of authors, which with their literary texts expressed criticism towards the state apparatus, but legitimized it at...
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Testaments and Survivorship Inventories of Prague Jews until the Half of 19th Century
Krákora, Tomáš ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
The rigorous thesis Testaments and Survivorship Inventories of Prague Jews until the Half of 19th Century deals with the testamentary practice of Prague inhabitants of Jewish descent. It recapitulates outcomes of the research of jewish books of testaments which arose from the office of the King's Prague Old Town during the period 1681-1850 and nowadays are doposited in the collection of manuscripts of Prague City Archives. The thesis incorporates partial studies presented during the previous university education - both undergraduate and graduate. Two of manuscripts that were not presented yet (the book of testaments from years 1773-1784 written in Hebrew and the book of inventories from years 1773-1783) are newly included into the research project. Theoretic section introducing mainly the historical context (for instance history of Jews in the Czech Lands; last wills in the Jewish tradition; Jewish testamentary practice in the Czech Lands; boroughs of Prague; legal regulations etc.) is followed by the practical section (presentation of concrete historical documents). All seven manuscripts are analysed both from formal and contentual points of view. Synoptic tables are attached at the very end of the paper. Keywords: Jews, Prague, early modern period, late modern period, manuscripts, testaments,...
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Israeli Reality As Seen Through the Eyes of Sayed Kashua
Vlk, Michal ; Boušek, Daniel (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
This study aims to illuminate and analyze the Israeli-Arab reality as it is reflected in the novelistic works of Sayed Kashua. Sayed Kashua, an Israeli-Arab writer and journalist, who writes in Hebrew, has become a cultural phenomenon in the modern Israel. He opts to write and describe the hyphenated identity of Israeli-Arabs and their ambivalent perceptions of the Jewish majority. Kashua is torn between the Arab and Jewish worlds and he does not feel satisfied with either of them: the Jewish-majority society accuses him of anti-Zionism, while the Arab society considers his choice of language as a treachery and denial of the Palestinian rich cultural, linguistic, and literary heritage and accuses him of being highly critical of Palestinian culture and society and of expressing pro-Israeli attitudes. The thesis presents an analysis of the recurrent theme of co-existence of Arabs and Jews in Israel and of the identity crisis of Israeli-Arabs in Kashua's novelistic production. At the same time, the study contextualizes Kashua's literary writings within the writings of other prominent Israeli-Arab authors, who published their works in Hebrew, while seeking an answer to the question of how these writings are perceived in the Israeli society and abroad.
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"All is Good, All is One". Rabi Nachman ben Simcha o-Bratslav. His Personality and his Work.
Krekulová, Tereza ; Nosek, Bedřich (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee) ; Sidon, Karol Efraim (referee)
"Vše je dobré, vše je Jedno" Rabi Nachman ben Simcha mi-Braslav Osobnost a dílo "Al lis Good, All is One" Rabi Nachman Ben Simcha of-Bratslav His Personality and his Work Mgr. Tereza Krekulová My thesis deals whith one of the most fascinating and at the same time controversial figures of Hasidic movement rabbi Nahman of Bratslav whose place in the framework of Hasidic spirituality was quite unique. It purpots to depict the features of his mentality and spiritual life which had the strongest influence on his teachings and his self-reflection as the hidden tzaddik of the whole generation with strong messianic aspiration. Both of his works differ very much from the traditional genres of Hasidic literature: his homilies are marked by their enigmatic, associative style and highly complex hermeneutical structure. His stories, unlike traditional Hasidic legend which depicts the life and miraculous deeds of tzaddikim, don't take place in the Jewish surroundings and tzaddik is present in them as their author who puts his words into the mouth of fictitions heroes. My aim was to prove the essential unity of both these works which played the crucial role na Nahman's messianic strivings. The most important conclusion is that the main purpose of both his teachings and stories which he used as material garments (levushim)...
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The Image of Eastern Jew in 20th Century Czech Jewish Journals (till 1938)
Fottová, Magdalena ; Holý, Jiří (advisor) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
This thesis focuses on the image of an Eastern Jew in Czech-Jewish and Zionist journals from 1910 to 1925 and its position in the identity of these groups. The analysis is based on fictional texts (both translations and originally Czech ones) with Eastern Jewish characters, which (considering their placement in official journals of the Czech-Jewish and Zionist institutions) presented a fictional world acceptable for the movement's ideology and co-created the image of Eastern Jew in their followers' collective memory. A description of the most frequent features of Eastern Jewish characters is supplemented by historical context and the journals' non-literary articles. Key words Eastern Jew, 1st World War, Jewish identity, assimilation, Zionism, Jewish journals, stereotypes, characters.
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