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Syntactic and semantic aspects of a ditransitive construction with the verb "give" and an eventive object
Červenková, Tereza ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The thesis observes the construction with the ditransitive light verb give and the eventive object, in which the eventive object carries the verbal meaning. The thesis focuses on the observation of the object ordering in this construction, i.e. of the indirect and the direct, eventive object. While Quirk et. al. (1985) do not anticipate such constructions to appear in other sentence patterns than SVOiOd, Huddleston & Pullum (2002) state that under certain circumstances, the indirect object may be paraphrased by the prepositional object. The aim of the thesis is to ascertain whether this alternation of the objects can appear in the constructions and to describe the factors influencing such paraphrase. For the purposes of the thesis, 100 instances of the construction with the light give and the eventive object were extracted from The British National Corpus. The analytical part of the thesis will pay attention to their characteristics and this examination will try to determine the main aspects of the object ordering in these constructions. Besides the characterisation of the eventive object from the semantic and formal point of view, the thesis will also observe the semantic and syntactic aspects of the indirect object and their influence on the object ordering. Furthermore, the thesis will focus on the...
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The "be/have" variation with Intransitive (mutative) verbs: the development of the construction in PDE
Křenková, Zuzana ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
So far the perfective construction of intransitive verbs, which apart from the dominant auxiliary verb have occurred in the past also the auxiliary be, has been analysed especially from the diachronic point of view focusing on the period between the 17th and 19th centuries, when the majority of verbs ceased to be used with the be marker. The present study deals with the occurrence of the be perfective construction in the contemporary English, i.e. the 20th century English. Drawing on grammars and previous studies, the theoretical part of the thesis provides an overview of the present approaches to the issue, presents the conclusions drawn from the analyses of the diachronic material as well as overview of important terms. The research project consists of two parts: drawing from the corpora search the first part assembled the evidence for a group of intransitive verbs and also attested under what conditions a labile verb might acquire the perfective reading. As the be perfective might be considered a fairly rare construction, not only the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English were used but also the web corpus of a considerably larger size. The collected database was used for further analysis related to genre categories, co-occurrence patterns and language variety.
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English first person plural imperative clauses and their Czech counterparts
Zvěřinová, Simona ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The present thesis studies the English 1st person plural imperative clause. Specifically it focuses on outlining the various possible categories of illocutionary force expressed by it. Czech translation counterparts of the clause are used as an ancillary means of determining these categories. In the process of utilising these counterparts during the analysis, the study also identifies specific markers in the Czech language helpful in determining categories of illocutionary force of the English originals. The thesis is comprised of two main parts. The first, theoretical part focuses on describing the grammatical form of the 1st person plural imperative clause, on forming the framework of discourse function and categories of illocutionary force as utilised by the study, on summarising the distribution of the 1st person plural imperative clause across the fields of discourse and on outlining the various syntactic and/or lexical means through which the Czech language expresses the directive discourse function. The second, empirical part analyses one hundred examples of English 1st person imperative clauses and their Czech counterparts from the parallel translation corpus InterCorp.
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A contrastive study of the Czech translation equivalents of the pragmatic markers now and well in electronic parallel texts
Houra, Aleš ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
This thesis presents a contrastive analysis of the English pragmatic markers now and well and their Czech translation equivalents. The overall material is based on 200+12 occurrences that were excerpted from the electronic parallel corpus InterCorp, with all the instances appearing in fictional dialogues. The contrastive study focuses on the role of translation as a means to understand better the nature of the two pragmatic markers. It analyzes specific marker-collocate sequences and the respective Czech translation equivalents. It demonstrates that certain marker-collocate sequences have a tendency to be translated by specific Czech translation equivalents and that the role of other factors, such as position in discourse structure, prosody, and broader context, play in this respect an important role as well. All this and the finding that both now and well share certain Czech translation equivalents add to the multifunctionality of both now and well and prove that a combination of other factors is needed to comprehend the use of the two pragmatic markers in English. The comparison of the Czech translation equivalents in this thesis to the Czech translation equivalents in the Czech-English dictionary Lingea attempted to provide an example of how a contrastive analysis can be useful in Lexicography.
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Facebook English: on the specific features of English netspeak
Mišutková, Anna ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the language of electronic communication ('netspeak') as one of the present trends of the development of English. The thesis is based on the hypothesis 'netspeak' represents an independent multimodal linguistic variety sharing some features with informal face-to-face conversation. For this purpose, the language of selected samples of the texts of English-speaking students of British universities obtained from the social network Facebook was studied. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of these data and their comparison with spoken form of standard English, namely with the spoken demographically sampled part of the British National Corpus, confirmed the hypothesis. ! Key words: netspeak, CMC, Facebook, emoticons, face-to-face communication, informal conversation
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Verbal -ing forms: their functions and translation counterparts
Čepelíková, Monika ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
The present thesis focuses on the verbal -ing forms in the written language and their Czech translation counterparts. The theoretical part describes the morphologic and the syntactic features of the verbal -ing forms, their basic distinctions and a brief description of complex condensation, which is a result of the use of non-finite verb forms in both languages. The aim of the practical part is to analyze the use and the functions of verbal -ing forms in modern English fiction and the Czech translation counterparts: each of the two original texts will be compared with its two different Czech translations published in the intervals from early 1930's to 2004. The analysis presents a brief description of the development of modern Czech translation approaches to English verbal -ing forms, the common tendencies and individual translation solutions in contemporary Czech translations.
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English past conditional and its Czech counterparts
Jansová, Cecílie ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The present work studies the English past conditional and its Czech translation counterparts. English past conditional is formally described as consisting of the auxiliary verb would (or should) and the past infinitive. The structure carries the hypothetical meaning and is usually accompanied by a condition. The main aim of the present work is to analyze its Czech translation counterparts, among which are the Czech past conditional, present conditional and past indicative. Various aspects, which may influence the translation, are studied: the type of the hypothetical meaning of the English original, the time reference and the presence of the condition. In addition, attention is paid to the realization forms of the English condition. The analysis is based on 100 examples gathered from the parallel corpus InterCorp available through the Czech National Corpus website.
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Gender-neutral and gender-marked language
Zahradníková, Šárka ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The present thesis deals with the issue of gender-neutral language. The initial part centres around the origin and development of this issue, which has caused a series of language changes in lexis and grammar. An object of long-term criticism is the natural inclination of the English language towards the default use of the masculine gender, which is reflected especially in areas such as traditional occupations, proverbs and collocations. The theoretical part also focuses on the classification and detailed description of grammatical and lexical means of expressing gender and explains the key terms. The practical part is carried out on the basis of the data from the corpus COCA, in which the distribution of premodifying gender markers with specific dual gender nouns was examined. The project primarily maps these linguistic means in contemporary American English.
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English postmodifiers in translation to Czech
Scholzová, Dagmar ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to compare the use of postmodifiers in an English source text and its Czech translation. 200 English postmodifiers are contrasted against their 200 Czech translation equivalents. These samples were excerpted from randomly chosen parts of four bilingual books written by British and American authors and translated by native speakers of Czech. 50 English samples and their translations were excerpted from each book. The 400 occurrences of postmodifiers and their equivalents are analyzed from a syntactico-semantic point of view, the aim being to determine the constancy of the syntactic functions of English postmodifiers in translation, as well as the constancy of their realization forms. The theoretical background part will present and compare postmodification and its realization forms in English and in Czech. The actual analysis of all 400 samples will examine both the frequency of individual postmodifier types in English, and the convergent and divergent realization forms of these in the Czech translation. Special heed will be paid to divergences arisen through different language facts, such as English non-finite verb forms or Czech case endings that enable nominal postmodification without a preposition. An attempt will be made to classify the non-postmodifying translation...
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English translation counterparts of Czech pronominal dative objects
Fišerová, Helena ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Popelíková, Jiřina (referee)
The objective of the present thesis is to analyse Czech pronominal dative objects and their English translation counterparts. The Czech dative case occurs both in an attached and in a non-attached syntactic variant and has several different semantic functions, which results in a variety of possible counterparts. This thesis focuses only on divergent counterparts, i.e. it excludes translations by means of a corresponding pronominal object or a to-phrase. The possible translation counterparts include the shift of the participant into subject, possessive pronouns, prepositional phrases introduced by for, on and other prepositions, omission, and other means of translation. The analysis was performed on one hundred examples, which were obtained from the Czech-English parallel corpus InterCorp. The examples are divided into categories according to the type of counterpart used, and analysed especially with regard to semantics.
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