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Impact of endosymbiotic bacteria on the capacity of host spiders (Araneae) to provide ecosystem services
Gloríková, Nela ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
The impact of the microbial community as well as individual strains of endosymbiotic bacteria on spider hosts has only begun to be increasingly studied in the last 20 years. This is primarily due to new molecular methods and devices, but on the other hand also to a growing desire to unravel the mechanisms behind the ability of spiders to provide ecosystem services. Their unique contribution lies in their high diversity, their generalist hunting strategy, and their efficient long-distance dispersal called ballooning. However, their abilities are possibly affected by the tiny organisms inhabiting their tissues - from the haemolymph to the digestive tract and the reproductive organs. In this work, attention is paid to the aspects that are influenced or manipulated by microbes for the purpose of their own transmission. Studies investigating known reproductive manipulators such as Wobachia, Cardinium or Rickettsia are summarized. The work summarizes recent findings in the areas of the impact of endosymbiotic bacteria on metabolic pathways and nutritional support, but also on behavioral aspects such as predatory/antipredatory behavior, defense against parasitoids or pathogens, and dispersal or avoidance of stress. Information about spiders is also related to knowledge about other invertebrates. Keywords:...
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Aphidophagy among polyphagous predators
Valdecká, Miriam ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Dolejš, Petr (referee)
Aphids are among the most widespread insect pests in agroecosystems. So far, significant attention has been paid to their natural enemies, especially to specialized predators and parasitoids. There is less information about the influence of polyphagous predators, especially spiders and ground beetles. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to summarize the knowledge about this topic. And focus on the advantages and disadvantages of aphidophagy in polyphagous predators. Key words: Aphid, aphidophagy, polyphagous, spider, carabid, predator
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Dietary specialisation and diversification of the spider genus Dysdera
Řezáč, Milan ; Pekár, Stanislav (advisor) ; Růžička, Vlastimil (referee) ; Rusek, Josef (referee)
Dtet specia|isatlon and ďverslÍlcatlon oftlrc sf,der genrs Dysdara (Araneae: Dysdertdae) Summaryof PhD. thesis Tho main aim of my sfudy is to pr€s€nt now knowledge aboutthe diet specialisation antldiversiÍicationóf ttreipider genusDys&ra. This PhD. lhesis, ďvided in two parts' is tre summaryof Íivepapers. 1. Diet specialisatlon 1.1. Řezíě M., Pekór s. & I'bin Y.: Morphologlcal and behavlourď adapations for onlscophagr lnDysderassden (Araneae: Dysdertnne) [acoeptedby Journal of Zoologfl Very little is known about predators feeding on woodlioe. Spiders of the genus Dyidera (Dysderidae)were long suspeotedto be onisoophagous,but evidenoefor lheir díetspeoialisation hás beenrlaoking. These spidas are chareotorisedby an unusual morphological variability oftheir mouth-parts,partioularly tho ohelioaae, suggosting dietary sfrcialisation któróukazuje na potavní specializaci. Thus, we investigatedthe rebtiónsirip betweenmouthpertmorphology, prey pÍeferenoeand predatorybelraviour of ťrvespecies represerrtingdiffoent chelioenď types. Resulb obtained sugg€st that sfudiedĎysdera spidas diffo in prey specialisetion for woďlioo. The species with unmodified cheliceraereatlity oapturedvarious artkopďs but refused woodlice while speoieswith modified ohetóeraeoapfuredwoodlice' Particularly,Dysdera erythrina ind D....
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Sublethal effects of the insecticides neonicotinoids on migration abilities of spiders
Přibáňová, Gabriela ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Korenko, Stanislav (referee)
The purpose for using pesticides is to kill organisms that cause damage (so-called pests) on various crops and thus prevent possible crop losses. Their side effect is a negative impact on non-target organisms. The presented diploma thesis is focused on the effect of neonicotinoids on invertebrates particularly on spiders. Its main goal was to document their influence on behavioral parameters influencing dispersal abilities such as locomotion and tendency to spread by wind (so-called ballooning). The diploma thesis compares the influence of neonicotinoids on model species, Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) and Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881) with different modes of prey hunting and compares the influence on adult and nymphal stages. Pesticides Actara® 25 WG, Biscaya® 240 OD, Confidor® 200 OD and Mospilan® 20 SP were applied to the spiders under laboratory conditions and their effect was tested at different concentrations and different methods of application. The biggest impact on spiders had Confidor. It clearly had the most significant negative effect on mobility and a tendency to spider wind propagation. The lethal effects were caused by neonicotinoids in nymphal individuals Pardosa lugubris, especially Confidor (even 100% mortality for tarsal application). During an experiment studying the...
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Dietary specialisation and diversification of the spider genus Dysdera
Řezáč, Milan
Dtet specia|isatlon and ďverslÍlcatlon oftlrc sf,der genrs Dysdara (Araneae: Dysdertdae) Summaryof PhD. thesis Tho main aim of my sfudy is to pr€s€nt now knowledge aboutthe diet specialisation antldiversiÍicationóf ttreipider genusDys&ra. This PhD. lhesis, ďvided in two parts' is tre summaryof Íivepapers. 1. Diet specialisatlon 1.1. Řezíě M., Pekór s. & I'bin Y.: Morphologlcal and behavlourď adapations for onlscophagr lnDysderassden (Araneae: Dysdertnne) [acoeptedby Journal of Zoologfl Very little is known about predators feeding on woodlioe. Spiders of the genus Dyidera (Dysderidae)were long suspeotedto be onisoophagous,but evidenoefor lheir díetspeoialisation hás beenrlaoking. These spidas are chareotorisedby an unusual morphological variability oftheir mouth-parts,partioularly tho ohelioaae, suggosting dietary sfrcialisation któróukazuje na potavní specializaci. Thus, we investigatedthe rebtiónsirip betweenmouthpertmorphology, prey pÍeferenoeand predatorybelraviour of ťrvespecies represerrtingdiffoent chelioenď types. Resulb obtained sugg€st that sfudiedĎysdera spidas diffo in prey specialisetion for woďlioo. The species with unmodified cheliceraereatlity oapturedvarious artkopďs but refused woodlice while speoieswith modified ohetóeraeoapfuredwoodlice' Particularly,Dysdera erythrina ind D....
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Aphidophagy among polyphagous predators
Valdecká, Miriam ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Dolejš, Petr (referee)
Aphids are among the most widespread insect pests in agroecosystems. So far, significant attention has been paid to their natural enemies, especially to specialized predators and parasitoids. There is less information about the influence of polyphagous predators, especially spiders and ground beetles. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to summarize the knowledge about this topic. And focus on the advantages and disadvantages of aphidophagy in polyphagous predators. Key words: Aphid, aphidophagy, polyphagous, spider, carabid, predator
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Sublethal effects of the insecticides neonicotinoids on spider's migration and predatory abilities
Přibáňová, Gabriela ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Korenko, Stanislav (referee)
This research deals with impacts of pesticide substances on spider populations. In this case pesticides of the neonicotinoids classes were tested. Specific neonicotinoids were applied to different of spiders which were collected in various localities and at some stage of development - nymph, adult or subadult individuals. The diploma thesis analyzes and the documents the effects of neonicotinoids to spiders. The results show that some pesticides can have a significant negative effect to locomotion, predation, ballooning, drop or to spiders mortality. Keywords: spider, arthropod, pesticides, insecticides, neonicotinoids, sublethal effects, mortality, EthoVision XT, locomotion, drop, ballooning, predation, Philodromus, Oedothorax, Pardosa, Xerolycosa, Phylloneta
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Dietary specialisation and diversification of the spider genus Dysdera
Řezáč, Milan ; Pekár, Stanislav (advisor) ; Růžička, Vlastimil (referee) ; Rusek, Josef (referee)
Dtet specia|isatlon and ďverslÍlcatlon oftlrc sf,der genrs Dysdara (Araneae: Dysdertdae) Summaryof PhD. thesis Tho main aim of my sfudy is to pr€s€nt now knowledge aboutthe diet specialisation antldiversiÍicationóf ttreipider genusDys&ra. This PhD. lhesis, ďvided in two parts' is tre summaryof Íivepapers. 1. Diet specialisatlon 1.1. Řezíě M., Pekór s. & I'bin Y.: Morphologlcal and behavlourď adapations for onlscophagr lnDysderassden (Araneae: Dysdertnne) [acoeptedby Journal of Zoologfl Very little is known about predators feeding on woodlioe. Spiders of the genus Dyidera (Dysderidae)were long suspeotedto be onisoophagous,but evidenoefor lheir díetspeoialisation hás beenrlaoking. These spidas are chareotorisedby an unusual morphological variability oftheir mouth-parts,partioularly tho ohelioaae, suggosting dietary sfrcialisation któróukazuje na potavní specializaci. Thus, we investigatedthe rebtiónsirip betweenmouthpertmorphology, prey pÍeferenoeand predatorybelraviour of ťrvespecies represerrtingdiffoent chelioenď types. Resulb obtained sugg€st that sfudiedĎysdera spidas diffo in prey specialisetion for woďlioo. The species with unmodified cheliceraereatlity oapturedvarious artkopďs but refused woodlice while speoieswith modified ohetóeraeoapfuredwoodlice' Particularly,Dysdera erythrina ind D....
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Dietary specialisation and diversification of the spider genus Dysdera
Řezáč, Milan
Dtet specia|isatlon and ďverslÍlcatlon oftlrc sf,der genrs Dysdara (Araneae: Dysdertdae) Summaryof PhD. thesis Tho main aim of my sfudy is to pr€s€nt now knowledge aboutthe diet specialisation antldiversiÍicationóf ttreipider genusDys&ra. This PhD. lhesis, ďvided in two parts' is tre summaryof Íivepapers. 1. Diet specialisatlon 1.1. Řezíě M., Pekór s. & I'bin Y.: Morphologlcal and behavlourď adapations for onlscophagr lnDysderassden (Araneae: Dysdertnne) [acoeptedby Journal of Zoologfl Very little is known about predators feeding on woodlioe. Spiders of the genus Dyidera (Dysderidae)were long suspeotedto be onisoophagous,but evidenoefor lheir díetspeoialisation hás beenrlaoking. These spidas are chareotorisedby an unusual morphological variability oftheir mouth-parts,partioularly tho ohelioaae, suggosting dietary sfrcialisation któróukazuje na potavní specializaci. Thus, we investigatedthe rebtiónsirip betweenmouthpertmorphology, prey pÍeferenoeand predatorybelraviour of ťrvespecies represerrtingdiffoent chelioenď types. Resulb obtained sugg€st that sfudiedĎysdera spidas diffo in prey specialisetion for woďlioo. The species with unmodified cheliceraereatlity oapturedvarious artkopďs but refused woodlice while speoieswith modified ohetóeraeoapfuredwoodlice' Particularly,Dysdera erythrina ind D....
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