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The sprouting dynamics of coppices on experimental clear-cuts of Podyjí National park
Pech, Jiří ; Bače, Radek (advisor) ; Čada, Vojtěch (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dealing with literature review of the subject coppice and coppice-with-standards forest in Czech Republic as well as in Europe. It is concerned with definition of these coppice systems, historical and current progress of coppice and its distribution in Czech Republic and European Union. Further questions of the thesis are, if there is any reason to continue or to renovate silviculture of coppice and if so, for what reasons and what is optimal rotation period in coppice. Description of principal tree species with sprouting ability in Central Europe are included in the thesis as well.
In the second part of the bachelor thesis sprouting ability in experimental research plots in National Park Podyjí are evaluated. The sprouting ability is evaluated for three principal tree species in Central Europe, oak, linden and hornbeam. The thesis compares interspecies relations in the initial growing speed of the shoots and the ability to produce the shoots in relation to diameter of the stump. Further the thesis is dealing with growing speed in relation to the amount of available light.
Measuring, after five growing seasons, in total of twelve experimental plots, discovered the highest sprouting ability by linden (87%), then oak (43%) and hornbeam (32%).
The thesis pointed out the significant interspecies differences in the ability to produce shoots. But the reliance of shoots producing on stump diameter has not been proved (for oak and hornbeam).
Because the relationship between the height increment of shoots and the amount of available light was not significantly demonstrate, it can be assumed, that experimental plots (forest clearing) are extensive enough and the sprouting ability is not limited by the amount of available light.
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Environmental control over growth of coniferous trees with attention to Norway spruce
Kníř, Tomáš ; Čada, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Ulbrichová, Iva (referee)
Norway spruce belongs to the pine family. It has conical shape of the crown and straight trunk, the height ranges from 20 to 35 meters. Its natural habitat in the Czech Republic is in high elevations. The optimal temperature is 6 °C and the rainfall in the vegetation period is 490 580 mm.
The thesis also contains data about growth and the requirements for influential processes and regulators. I also review the formation of the growth rings - i.e. growth ring definition, formation and internal and external influences.
The thesis also focuses on dendrochronology. This science is a basis for obtaining information from dated growth rings. Using dendrochronology we can determin the annual diameter increment and the age of the tree. This science is divided into several different subdisciplines according to the usage of the growth rings data such as dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, dendrohydrology and dendroarcheology. The selection of the area where samples are collected for the data analysis is the key factor.
The environment influences the growth of the trees both in the positive and the negative way. The climate is one of the most important factors that influence the growth. Climatic influences are mainly rainfall and air temperature where the influence differs between low and high altitudes. Anthropogenic influences, mainly air pollution (ozone, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide), play important part for the tree growth as well.
From the gained knowledge is clear that Norway spruce should be in the future planted in higher altitudes where in case of global warming better conditions are for the tree.
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Ecological forestry – principles, experiences and possible applications in Czech rep.
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Čada, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Bílek, Lukáš (referee)
Current methods of forest management are often unsatisfactory in terms of ecology. In the context of biodiversity conservation it is necessary to develop and apply alternative methods of forestry. Ecological forestry has been established as a response to criticism of the logging process, within which there is no emphasis on environmental functions. It is a collective term for methods and practices that replicate the natural ecosystem processes. Three basic principles of ecological forestry has been described and justified - conservation of biological heritage of natural disturbances; diverse interventions that maintain or create heterogeneity; enough time for the regeneration of vegetation. Further models were characterized by specific practical application and their application in the world. Finally, the possibilities of ecological forestry were summarized into a number of possible practical applications. It is rather general recommendations, in which inappropriate methods of practices are replaced with more ekological options, and the impact of these methods on the forest ecosystem has been explained.
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Principles of ecological forestry and possible applications in Czech republic
Brichta, Jakub ; Čada, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Bače, Radek (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the principles of ecological forestry, and also with its possible use in the Czech Republic. To a large extent, the thesis also focuses on natural disturbances, which use is the cornerstone of ecological forestry. I foccus specially on small-scale disturbances that help to create heterogeneous ecosystem through dead wood acumulation and sun exposition. Natural disturbances are part of the principles of ecological forestry and without their presence to a greater, extent: we can not talk about forest management being ecological. Disturbance affect the amount of biological legacies, the course of natural succession, but also the actual diverse mosaic of plant and animal communities. As there are diverse opinions on natural disturbances and application of natural processes in forests, there are many issues that need further examination. Therefore, the research of the forest natural disturbance regimes falls among the crucial present scientific challenges.
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Disturbance history of the primary mountain spruce forests in Temperate Zone (Europe)
Hanousek, Jan ; Janda, Pavel (advisor) ; Čada, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis is about the development and structure of mountain Norway spruce forest in location Koprová dolina, which is part of Tatras national park. Forest dynamic were monitored on 13 permanent research plots, every plot takes 1000 m2. Study was based on the analyses of the thicknes and age structure and the dendrochronologal analysis, which detects releases during growth. Based on results we confirmed that locations have character of natural forests, these locations are formed by strong and big-scale disturbances, but also by disturbances of medium and small strenght and scale. Results are similar with other papers and historical texts, which describes disturbances events in Koprová dolina.
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Species requirements on the structure of European mountain Norway spruce forest
Suderová, Natálie ; Čada, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Janda, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize conteporary studies about the biological and ecological characteristics and demands of the plant, animal and fungi species inhabiting montane Norway spruce forests, especially those of the red-list species.
An extensive systematic review was conducted as a part of this study, with a systematic research of Web of Science database, finding science studies containing key words referencing to high montane spruce forest and biotope demands of organisms. Out of a total 475 studies found in a Web of Science database, 57 studies were chosen with objectiv criteria, and 44 were cited in the bachelor thesis.
Bachelor thesis chapters were dedicated to functional groups of organisms, as often found in studied literature, i.e. vascular plants, fungi, lichenes and epiphytes, arthropods and nematodes, birds, mammals and amphibians.
Several structural key elements were found to be significant for the abundance, biodiversity and species composition of organisms inhabiting high montane spruce forest. These key elements are forest structure, deadwood, admixture tree species and environment pollution.
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Initial vegetative regeneration of broad-leaved woody plants on the experimental site of reserved coppice-with-standards woodland in the NR Na Voskopě, Czech Karst
Dekan, Petr ; Černý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čada, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis deals with the intensity of tree regeneration in the initial phase of development of future coppice stand. The research was conducted in PR Na Voskopě in the Czech Karst on an experimental strip measuring 25x125 m. This strip was felled in the early spring of 2015 (JELENECKÁ, 2015), there were 14 standards left for the future development of coppice-with-standards forest. The most abundant tree species are hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and oak (Quercus sp.), there is also the maple (Acer campestre) and service tree (Sorbus torminalis), other trees have only a minimal representation. The average measured age of the felled oak equals 87 years and that of hornbeam equals 74 years, after model calculation for the hornbeam the average age was assessed as 68 years. On the felled strip there were 538 stumps recorded at the end of the growing season (3. - 4. 10. 2015), eight parameters of stump and root re-sprouting (height of the highest sprouts, total number of sprouts, the average height of sprouts, the largest horizontal width of the whole sprouting bunch, browsing rate of sprouts, presence of root sprouts and the sprout cluster presence). The analysis used data taken from Field-Map inventory (JELENECKÁ, 2015). Evaluation of the data showed that DBH has a significant effect on the regeneration of sprouts mainly for the hornbeam, but no effect for the oak. Topographic gradient along the strip also has some effect on the regeneration of sprouts, oak more intensively regenerates at the bottom of the slope and hornbeam in the upper part of the slope. Amid the slope there was some reduction in regeneration, most probably due to the game influence (mouflons). Browsing sprouts is on this experimental strip enormous. Despite adverse weather conditions (drought and heat) in 2015 regenerates in this relatively extreme habitat 91 % stumps.
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